الفهرس 
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Abstract
Picorna viruses are small non enveloped viruses with a single – stranded RNA genome of positive polarity. Picorna viruses are common human and animal pathogens, including polio and rhino viruses of entero virus family, and hepatitis A or food- and- mouth disease viruses.
Acuter respiratory tract infections (ARTIS) constitute the most frequent Illnesses of humans. Most of these infections produce mild self- limited symptoms that are restricted to the upper respiratory tract.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of picorna viruses (Entero and Rhino viruses) in children admitted at Ain Shams pediatrics university Hospital with respiratory tract infections.
Nasopharengeal specimens and stool samples collected from all the patients and picorna viruses (Entero and Rhino viruses (Entero and Rhino viruses) detected by:
1- Pan Picorna viruses real time rt- PCr.
2- Isolation in tissue culture plates and virus growth monitored with reference to cytopathic effects (CPES) for up to 2 weeks.
The present study was conducted on 161 child with respiratory tract infection admitted to or attending pediatrics department in Ain Shams University Hospital during the period from Jonuary 2015 to march 2016.
Stool and nasal samples were collected from 1-10 years with mean SD 5.48 ± 2.09. They were 73 (45.3%) males and 88 (54.7%) females. Most children enrolled in this study were presented with acute bronchitis 103 (64%), where those with upper respiratory tract infections were 37 (23%), those with atypical pneumonia were 15 (9.3%) while those with pneumoia were 6 (3.7%).
It was found that Rhino virus was detected in 33.5%, while Entero virus was detected in 11.5% of studied patients.
As regards the pattern of seasonal variation of picorna viruses infections starting from Jaunary 2015 till march 2016.
It was demonstratedd that both Rhino virus and Entero virus peaked in may 2015 although presented throughout the study period.
In conclusion, the present study suggested that entero viruses are leading etiological causes of bronchiolitis in children, especially seasonally; new rapid sensitive diagnostic methods are require for this rapid detection.