الفهرس 
EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF THE BILIARY SYSTEMOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The “Gold Standard” for management of gallstones is laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) but there is no consensus for treatment of CBD stones. There is insufficient information in the literature on the practice of laparoscopic CBDE in cases of endoscopically irretrievable stones. This study presents the technical aspects and results of this approach and comparing it with open CBDE.
Retrospective and Prospective thesis study of 25 patients with calcular obstructive jaundice underwent ERCP and failed prior to surgery in one year in TBRI Hospital. 15 patients underwent laparoscopic CBDE and the other 10 patients underwent open CBDE. 20 patients were female and the other 5 patients were male. They ranged in age from 23 to 80 years old with mean age (46.72).
The mean postoperative hospital stay, pain score & analgesia score were significantly short (P value < 0.05) and less in laparoscopic than open CBDE. The mean intraoperative blood loss, bile leak & postoperative wound infection were less in laparoscopic than open CBDE and the mean operative time was less in open than laparoscopic CBDE (P value > 0.05) but with no significant statistically difference.
Patients undergoing open CBDE suffer from a statistically significant higher rate of complications compared to the laparoscopic approach. Laparoscopic CBDE should be considered as the preferred procedure for CBDE whenever possible in terms of a shorter hospital stay and earlier recovery with a reduced short-term disability period. The transcystic approach recently has become more efficient and effective for laparoscopic CBDE.