الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
The present study was carried out in Seds Poultry Breeding Research Station, Animal Production Research Institute, Banysweif Governorate, through August (2015) to January (2016). The laboratory work of the present study was done at Poultry Breeding Department, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the of the genetic differences in productive performance, carcass characteristics, physiological response, antioxidant activity, immunological response and histological examination by use the natural growth promoters in diets offered to two local chicken strains (Golden Montazah (GM) and Bandra (B). A total of 300 birds (150 birds of each strain) were used from 16 to 40 weeks of age. Birds were randomly distributed into six treatments. Each treatment had 20 (female) and 5 (male) birds (25X 6X 2) that were individually caged. The first treatment of each strain served as a control group and fed the formulated basal diet without any tested feed additives. The second treatment fed the basal diet with BioPlus® 2B, (400gm/ton) a commercial probiotic preparation (pro. (Bio)). The third treatment hens were fed the same basal diet with addition of TechnoMos® (500gm/ton) a prebiotic type (pre. (Tech).The fourth treatment fed the basal diet with Diamond V®(2.5kg/ton) a commercial prebiotic produced (pre. (Dia)). The fifth treatment fed the basal diet with FORMI® NDF (2kg/ton) (organic acid (FORMI)). The sixth treatment fed the basal diet with combination of (BioPlus® 2B, (400gm/ton) + TechnoMos® (500gm/ton) + FORMI® NDF (1kg/ton)) (combination (BTF)).
The productive and physiological measurements can be summarized as follows:-
- Productive performance criterion including live body weight, body weight gain for male and female on a monthly basis (4 weeks) starting from 16 week old to 40 weeks of age, (age and weight) at sexual maturity and egg production traits including egg number, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio and egg quality traits.
- Slaughter traits including weights of carcass, and internal organs (heart, liver, gizzard, intestines,) and lymphoid organs (spleen).
- Blood parameters including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride, total lipids, glucose, Calcium, Phosphorus, Triiodothyronin hormone (T3), liver enzyms (AST, ALT, and uric acid), total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/ globulin (A/G) antioxidant enzymes (total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and plasma immunoglobulin (H/L ratio and antibody titer against Newcastle disease).
- Histological examination including tissue samples from intestines.
- Data were exposed to the statistical analysis procedures by using SAS computer programs.
Results of the present study could be summarized as follows:
1- Body weight was higher in Golden Montaza than Bandara from 24 to 40 wk of age for male and female. The final body weight and final body weight gain for female in prebiotic groups were higher than hens fed with diet supplemented with combination (BTF). The highest value was found for probiotic group in final body weight and final body weight gain for male.
2- Bandara had significantly higher in age at sexual maturity (AD/S) and (AW/S) than Golden Montaza. There was no significant difference between Golden Montaza and Bandara in body weight at sexual maturity (BW/S). No significant differences were detected between treatments in age at sexual maturity however, the highest value for weight at sexual maturity was found for control group and the lowest value was associated with organic acids (FORMI) group
3- No significant differences between Golden Montaza and Bandara in average egg weight (Av. egg Wg) however, Golden Montaza were significantly higher to egg number (egg N.) and egg mass (egg mass) than Bandara. No significant differences between all treatments and control in Av. egg Wg and egg N. While, the egg N. and egg mass in probiotic (Bio) group had the highest value and the lowest value was found for diet supplemented with organic acid (FORMI). FCR was higher in Bandara than Golden Montaza at 28, 36 wk of age and total feed conversion ratio (TFC) of all experimental period. No significant differences between all treatments supplemented growth promoters in (FCR) at 40 wks while, the highest value was found for control group and the lowest value was found for prebiotic (Dia.) group. The (TFC) and (FC/M) in organic acid (FORMI) group was the highest values and the lowest value was found for diet supplemented with combination (BTF) group.
4- There were significant difference between Golden Montaza and Bandara on egg quality at 30 weeks for Egg weight (EW), egg Surface area (ES) Shell % (SP), Yolk weight (YW) and Yolk index (YI) and in Shell weight (SW), Shell thickness (ST), SWUSA (SWU), Shell % (SP), Yolk weight (YW) Yolk % (YP) and Yolk index (YI) at 40 weeks. No significant differences were detected between all traetments at 30 weeks for egg weight (EW), Shell weight (SW), Shell thickness (ST), egg Surface area (ES), and eggshell index (EI) and Yolk weight (YW) Yolk % (YP) Haugh unit (HU) and Yolk color (YC). Also, There were no significant differences were detected between all traetments at 40 weeks in Shell thickness (ST), Shape Index (SI) and Yolk % (YP).
5- There were no significant differences between Golden Montaza and Bandara for carcass, intestine, liver, heart, giblets, spleen, blood and feather. While there was significant difference between Golden Montaza and Bandara in gizzard, however Golden Montaza had a higher than Bandara. The highest value was found for prebiotic (Dia.) and the lowest value was found for organic acids (FORMI) group in carcass weight%. The highest value for Spleen% was found for combination (BTF) group while, the lowest value was shown for prebiotic (Dia.) group. Organic acids (FORMI) group was higher in the relative weight of Liver than that from pro (Bio) group.
6- There were no significant differences between Golden Montaza and Bandara for HDL, triglycerides (TG), glucose, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid and ALT however, total cholesterol (Chol.), LDL, total protein, albumin, globulin and A/G were higher in Golden Montaza than Bandara. On other hand, total lipids (TL), triiodothyronin hormone (T3) and AST were higher in Bandara than Golden Montaza. There were a significant increase in total cholesterol, LDL, uric acid, total protein, albumin, and globulin for organic acids (FORMI) group than the control and pro (Bio) groups. The highest value of HDL was found for Pre (Tech.) and the lowest value was found for pro (Bio) and combination (BTF) groups. The TG level the highest value was found for Pre (Dia.) group and the lowest value was found for pro (Bio). There was a significant increase in TL and A/G levels in the pro (Bio) group than the Pre (Tech) groups. The lowest values of glucose, calcium, phosphorus and T3 were found for control group than the treated groups. The highest value of glucose level was found for pro (Bio) and Pre (Dia.) groups. The highest values of calcium, phosphorus and T3 were found for combination (BTF) group. No significant differences of GOT and GPT were observed between all treatment.
7- Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAOC) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)values, were significantly higher in Bandara than Golden Montaza while, there was no significant between Golden Montaza than Bandara in Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) value. The highest value was found for Pre (Tech.) group and the lowest value was found for organic acid (FORMI) group in TAOC. The highest value of GPX was associated with probiotic (Bio) group while, the lowest value was found for control group. The highest value of SOD was found for Pre (Dia.) group and the lowest value was found for control group.
8- Heterophils/Lymphocyte ratio percentage value was significantly higher in Golden Montaza than Bandara. The highest value was found for organic acids (FORMI) group and the lowest value was found for probiotic (Bio Plus) group.
9- There were no genetic differences between Golden Montaza and Bandara strains for antibody titer either before or after Newcastle vaccination. The highest values in antibody titer before vaccination were found for pre (Tech) group in comparison to pre (Dia) group. And there were no significant differences between the control group and all treated groups. Also, the higher values of antibody titer against Newcastle vaccine after vaccination were detected in pre (Tech.), org ((FORMI), combination (Bio, Tech and FORMI) and control groups compare to values were found in pre (Dia) and pro (Bio) groups.
10- The prebiotic (Tech.) enhanced villi height and width but the number and size of the crypts are completely different in Bandara than Golden Montaza Strain. The probiotic addition caused similar effect on both strains. Both strains respond differently to the prebiotic (Dia.) addition and to organic acid (FORMI) in terms of greater villi height and an increase in crypts number in Golden Montaza hens than Bandara ones. The combined mixture of (Bio, Tech. and FORMI) caused similar improvements in the ileum histology despite the number of the crypts were greatly increased in Bandara compared to Golden Montaza hens.