الفهرس 
Review of literatureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
The present study was performed on nine strains of bacteria were used as tested microorganisms (Escherichia Coli ATCC10536, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 ,Staph epidermidis ATCC 12228, Bacillus Pumilis ATCC 14884,Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 were obtained from American type (ATCC,US) culture collection , while the other strains, Bordetella sp, Bacillus Subtilis and klebsiella sp were kindly provided from Microbial Lab of Microbiology Department of Botany department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University.
The results which included (phytochemicals analysis, determination of MIC, antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera different extract, antibiotic susceptibility test, evaluation the combination of antibiotics with different Moringa oleifera extract,synthesis and antibacterial assay of silver nanoparticales using Moringa oleifera extract, the effect of Moringa oleifera on the protein panding patters, ultrastructure and in vitro evolution of the cytotoxicity) on these isolate showed the following .
Moringa oleifera produced a large number of organic molecules through metabolic processes as secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, carotenoids, lactates, sterols, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenolic compounds.
Methanol was the most powerful solvent as it have the ability to inhibit 100% of the selected tested strains followed by ethanol 80% ,hot aqueous 70% and finally cold aqueous showed the lower inhibitory action on the tested bacteria.
The highest zone of inhibition (30 mm) on Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus pumilis in hot aqueous extract followed by ethanol and methanol leaf extract on Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 (30 mm). Phenols and tannins were present in very higher amount in ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts, but unable to detect flavonoids and saponins with aqueous extract so ethanol and methanol were found most effective solvents that extracted all phytochemicals which kill many bacteria strains.
The present study the antibacterial susceptibility all tested pathogenic bacteria were resistance to ampicillin except Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 at 10mm and Staph epidermidis ATCC 12228 at 15 mm.While in case of amoxicillin and tetracycline antibiotics all bacteria showed higher resistance except Staph epidermidis ATCC 12228 at 20 mm and 25 mm. Respectively on the other hand all tested pathogenic bacteria showed higher susceptibility to amikacin and gentamycin except Klebsiella sp, while Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli ATCC10536 were resistant to gentamycin. Bordetella sp showed higher susceptibility to amikacin and erythromycin at 20 mm. All tested bacteria showed completely resistance to bacitracin antibiotics.
Generally it was found that Moringa extracts have been found to be more efficient in the inhibition of the growth of clinical pathogens as it was compared than antibiotic use only. The different Moringa extracts have been mixed with clinical antibiotics was clear change the pathogenicity of the tested bacteria.. The antibacterial activities of all antibiotics significantly increased in combination with Moringa oleifera hot aqueous extract against most tested strains except in case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027. Maximum zone of inhibition were observed for Bacillus pumilis ATCC 14884 in combination in case of gentamycin and bacitracin with Mo hot aqueous extract at 40mm.Highly synergistic action was observed for tetracycline against Staph epidermidis ATCC 12228at 35mm. The ethanol extract in combination with gentamicin had highest percentage synergistic action was observed against Escherichia coli ATCC10536at 25 mm and Bordetella sp at 20 mm and Bacillus pumilis ATCC 14884at 30mm. Maximum synergetic action for amikacin with Moringa oleifera methanol extract against Bordetella sp at 40mm, Escherichia Coli ATCC10536 at 25mm. Cold aqueous extract was not show any change in all tested bacteria except Escherichia coli ATCC10536 at 30 mm and Bordetella sp with erythromycin with Moringa oleifera extract 25 mm.
The combination between antibiotics and medicinal plant (Moringa oleifera) extracts may increase antagonistic rather than synergistic as Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027 and Klebsiella sp due to its outer membrane permeability to phytochemicals compound of Moringa oleifera extracts.
Generally these results showed increasing efficacies percentage (increase of fold area) of selected antibiotics when used in combination with Moringa oleifera different extracts against most tested bacteria
Moringa oleifera extract has increased the efficiency of some medicinal plants (ginger and mint) in the inhibition of selected bacterial pathogens than antibiotic use, drawing attention to the attempt to use them as an alternative to the known antibiotics
The inhibitory effect of Moringa oleifera methanol extract greatly appeared in changing the protein panding patters of (Micrococcus Luteus ATCC 10240, Escherichia Coli ATCC10536 and Bordetella sp) as it was compared with its normal profile (without Moringa oleifera methanol extract). while other proteins were selectively increased and synthesis of new set of protein was induced. In the treatment with Moringa oleifera methanol extract there were disappearance of almost bands in all selected strains except bands at the 114, 91, 55 and 35KDa were noticed for Micrococcus Luteus ATCC 10240.
The effective inhibition of the growth of both gram-negative and gram positive bacteria were achieved by AgNPs derived from M. oleifera leaf extracts (green biological synthesis) has a great significant effect as it demonstrates their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The Moringa oleifera nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible and TEM methods revealed the particles to possess narrow size distribution ranges with average sizes was 7.53- 32.4 nm.
Nanoparticales of Moringa oleifera extract were tested and tested against bacteria more efficient against as it was use of aqueous Moringa extract. Maximum zone of inhibition was found to be Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 (38 mm) and minimum of zone of inhibition was found to be Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella sp (20mm).
The effect of Moringa oleifera methanol extract on the cellular structure were evaluated using ( TEM), the most observed changes in the ultra-structure of tested bacterial strains were the cell wall lost its normal thickness and rapture at many position with lysis of cell components and reduction cell size for Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 and Bortadella sp.
Our preliminary results suggested that the methanol extract from M. oleifera extract leaves shows inhibitory effect on cell growth in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HePG2) and Colon carcinoma (HCT 116). The results showed that the cytotoxic effect of M. oleifera leaf extracts in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HePG2) and Colon carcinoma (HCT 116) were higher.