الفهرس 
Anatomy of the Female Genital System
The fallopian tubesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common presenting
symptom in the family practice setting.
In women of childbearing age, abnormal uterine
bleeding includes any change in menstrual-period frequency,
duration or amount of flow, as well as bleeding between
cycles. In postmenopausal women, abnormal uterine
bleeding includes vaginal bleeding 12 months or more after
the cessation of menses, or unpredictable bleeding in
postmenopausal women who have been receiving hormonal
therapy for 12 months or more.
The etiology is wide-ranging and includes
endometriosis, fibroids, adenomyosis, pelvic congestion
syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometrial
hyperplasia, and polyps. Polycystic ovarian syndrome and
some congenital uterine anomalies may present with
menstrual disturbance.Uterine fibroids, for example, are the most common
pelvic tumors in women. They are found in approximately
20% to 40% of women over the age of 35 years. While some
of them are asymptomatic, some are associated with
significant and disabling symptoms, ranging from prolonged
menstrual periods to urinary frequency, low back and pelvic
pain.
Uterine artery embolization has been used as a
promising and minimally invasive new option for patients
with symptomatic fibroid disease (leiomyoma).
It is indicated after failed medical or surgical uterine
sparing surgery in patients who express their desire for
uterine preservation or avoidance of further surgery unless
they have any of the exclusion criteria.
There is marked reduction of bleeding and
improvement of the bulk related symptoms after UAE. There
is also, reduction of uterine and fibroid size and vascularity
on follow up by different imaging techniques UAE has high success rate in comparison with the standard uterine sparing
surgery with a shorter post procedural recovery period and
lower morbidity and mortality rates. Major complications of
UAE are rare compared with other surgical procedures.
Minor complications are usually encountered. The most
common complication is post embolization syndrome which
is transient and usually disappears within one week.
Advantages of this method of treatment include;
avoidance of surgery and its risks rapid recovery, and a low
complication rate UFE has several potential advantages over
hysterectomy, myomectomy and hormonal suppression.
Unlike myomectomy or hysterectomy, UFE involves
virtually no blood loss or risk of blood transfusion. General
anesthesia and surgical incisions are avoided. Recovery is
weeks shorter than recovery from hysterectomy or open
myomectomy.
So UAE is a safe and effective method for treating
symptomatic fibroid disease with uterine preservation for
further fertility.Percutaneous imaging guided ablative therapies using
thermal energy sources such as radiofrequency ablation and
high intensity focused ultrasound have received much recent
attention as minimally invasive strategies for the treatment of
tumors. These techniques permit the destruction of tumors
without necessitating their removal and in many cases can be
used in place of more invasive and expensive surgical
techniques.