الفهرس 
Spatial and temporal Air Quality Trend in KuwaitOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study aims to investigate and analyze the temporal and spatial air quality at ten residential areas namely, Al-Mansouryia, Rumaithiya, Al-Reqqa, Rabia, Al-Fahaheel, Ali Sabah Al Salem, Al-Qurain, Al-Salam, Saad Al-Abdullah and Al-Jahra in state of Kuwait over a period of 12 years (2004-2015) by using an air quality model to compare the changes in the levels of atmospheric pollutants and updating the database of air quality in Kuwait.Many of pollutants are emitted in air like Sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to the combustion of fuel.
The analysis data demonstrated the concentration of SO2 was decreased with the time in some areas including; Al-Mansouryia, Al-Reqqa, Rabia, and Ali Sabah Al Salem, due to Kuwait Environmental Public Authority and it were fluctuated during the study period at Rumaithiya, and Al-Fahaheel areas. While, Al-Qurain, Al-Salam and Al-Jahra areas were non-attainment to SO2. The concentration of Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Nitrogen monoxides (NO) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were similarly in results due to the same factors and they lead to the same conclusion which is in summer season the concentration increases sharply during 2005, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 at most of study areas and it may be a resulted of some factors like; crowded streets, Shuwiakh power plant and construction of Bida’ Area and Avenues Mall.
Ozone concentration was decreased through the study period at Rumaithiya, Al-Reqqa, Al-Fahaheel, Al-Qurain, Al-Salam, and Saad Al-Abdullah because the concentration of volatile organic compound is low in Kuwait. Also, KEPA regulations reduce the emissions of VOC which plays an important role in the chemical reaction to form O3. The CO concentration in almost all of study period was low and not exceeded EPA standards during the study period (Al-Mansouryia, Rumaithiya, Al-Reqqa, Rabia, and Al-Fahaheel).It was noted that concentration of CO was the highest in Al-Salam and Saad Al-Abdullah. PM10 concentration was swinging between increasing and decreasing during the study period. Often, it exceeded the KEPA limits although some data of PM10 was lost.
The results showed that nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sometimes sulfur dioxide (SO2), were increased continually through all the years of the study with the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM10) especially in Industrial Places.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most important greenhouse gases (GHG). These emissions are expected to result in global climate change with potentially severe consequences for ecosystems and mankind. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a technological concept to reduce the atmospheric emissions of CO2 that result from various industrial processes, in particular from the use of fossil fuels.
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) were applied at six power plants in Kuwait namely, Subiya, Al-Zour, Doha East, Doha West, Shuwaikh and Shuaiba. When we apply this technology the result showed the difference between the emissions of (CO2) with and without CCS. Where, the percent of reduction about 86% in (CO2) emissions with CCS.
The most appropriate station for applying CCS is the Az-Zour south and Sabiya power stations which has high (CO2) emission rate. There was a great reduction for all the stations, especially in Az-Zour South and Sabiya stations (1,792,154 - 1,501,452 and (251,488 - 210,522) without and with CCS respectively.
An emissions tax for the plants that used CCS technology and the plants that don’t use the CCS must be applied, where the first scenario tax is to assume (1.5 KD/ton) (5$/ton), the second is (7.6 KD/ton) (25$/ton), and the third is (15 KD/ton) (50$/ton). Taxes on CO2 emissions in Doha East, DohaWest, Az-Zour South, Sabiya stations were 9.752, 9.770, 9.038, and 9.786 without CCS (scenario #3) and 1.365, 1.368, 1.268, and 1.372 with CCS (scenario #3) respectively.