الفهرس 
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Abstract
The term glaucoma is commonly used as though referring to one disease. In actuality, glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that leads to damage of the optic nerve, which can then lead to vision loss, and ultimately blindness.
The angle of the anterior chamber is the actual angle created by the root of the iris and the peripheral corneal vault. Within it lie the important structures involved in the outflow passages of aqueous, specially the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm. The aqueous leaves the anterior chamber through the trabecular meshwork. If the aqueous humor cannot properly drain out of the eye, the pressure can build up inside the eye, causing glaucoma.
There are many different types of glaucoma, some of which are rare. The most common by far is open-angle glaucoma. The majority of the remaining cases are angle-closure glaucoma, which can be chronic or acute. Laser can be used both in diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.
Regarding the diagnosis of OAG, we can use the HRT I, II or III recently (a CSLO that acquires 3D topographic images of the ONH and the parapapillary RNFL with a high degree of discrimination between healthy and glaucomatous eyes), OCT & recently SD-OCT (very crucial, performs high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of the ONH, RNFL and the macula, measures the intensity and echo time delay of back-scattered and back-reflected light from the scanned tissues), SLP (measures the RNFL thickness using the birefringent property of the microtubules in the RNFL).
Regarding the diagnosis of ACG, we can use AS-OCT (provides repeatable and reproducible measurements of the angle) and Visante OCT system recently (versatile system provides high-
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resolution, noncontact OCT, customized for the AC & designed to image and evaluate ACA)
Laser surgery may be used for OAG or ACG depending in the type of procedure. For OAG, we can perform LT (ALT, SLT, MDLT, TSLT: application of laser energy to the surface of the TM to increase the aqueous outflow), ELT (excimer laser to provide a precise and essentially non-thermal approach to improve outflow in a manner that does not provoke a healing response & provides clear corneal insicion & direct visualization), Laser Sclerotomy (by CO2, Nd:YAG)
For ACG, we can perform LPI (effective and safe treatment, often breaks an attack of acute angle closure and can prevent future attacks) & ALPI (contraction burns of long duration, low power, and large spot size are placed on the peripheral iris to contract the iris stroma and physically pull the iris from the drainage angle in an attempt to open the angle)
For secondary and refractory glaucoma, we can perform SLT (in pseudoexfoliation and pigmentary dispersion syndrome), CPC (TCP, ECP: to destroy the non pigmented and pigmented epithelium of the CB) & LGP (following DS converts a nonpenetrating procedure into a full thickness surgery with the goal of producing a lower IOP).