الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
1. Chapter I:
Partially De-aluminated meta kaolin (PDMK) is the solid waste of aluminum sulphate industry, it contains the basic ingredients needed for the manufacturing of zeolites such as silica and alumina, Zeolites are crystalline, microporous, hydrated alumino-silicates of alkali metals or alkaline earths. Partial de-aluminated metakaolin (PDMK) was used to synthesize two different types of zeolites namely: cancrinite and chabazite and using of chabazite in removing ammonia from synthetic water samples.
2. Chapter II:
Literature review contained a review of scientific trends in the published and scientific journals and libraries about the zeolite history, framework structure, properties, applications, and synthesis of canrinite and chabazite. Chabazite was applied as ion exchange for removal of ammonia.
3. Chapter III:
This chapter recorded experimental work, materials, reagents, instruments and the analytical methods used in this work and the practical procedures that have been carried out in this study to achieve its goal.
4. Chapter IV:
This chapter presents and discusses the results obtained through the study of synthesis and characterization of cancrinite and chabazite, and the results obtained through the study. Several trials were done to identify the effect of some conditions as particle size, initial concentration, pH and contact time of chabazite grains in removal of ammonia from synthetic water samples according to the following steps:
a) Preparation of partially de-aluminated kaolin :
Partially de- aluminated meta Kaolin has been obtained from Aluminum sulfate Company in Abu Zaable as a by-product in alum industry (PDMK). It resulted from acid leaching process of kaolin, the acid-leached process yields of aluminum sulfate using calcined kaolin, the remaining residue is called de-aluminated meta kaolin. PDMK was used to synthesize two different types of zeolites (cancrinite and chabazite). Chabazite was used in removing ammonia.
b)Characterization of cancrinite :
XRD pattern confirms synthesis of pure cancrinite. Cancrinite is identified by its characteristic by X-ray diffraction .
c)Characterization of chabazite :
Formation of chabazite phase was verified by XRD analysis; chabazite crystals were synthesized using the developed synthesis. The procedure also illustrates SEM micrograph of synthesized chabazite seeds. As it is observed, the crystal structure of chabazite is dish shape. The crystal of chabazite is either multifaceted or hexagonal platelets.
d)Removal of ammonia from synthetic water samples by Chabazite:
Chabazite was washed with pure water, and rinsed with excess distilled water then dried at 105 ͦC. Chabazite was grinded into different size categories were done by using particle sieving with the following (0.2, 0.25, 0.35 ,0.5, 0.6,0.7 and 0.8 mm) diameters.
E)Test the effect of different conditions on removal percentage
In this step, the following parameters were investigated: the effect of particle size, initial concentration of ammonia, pH and contact time on ammonia removal percentage. An experimental results confirm that smaller particle size greatly increase the ammonia removal to reach maximum of 81 % at a particle size of 0.2 mm. At high initial concentration of ammonia, the ammonia removal percent decrease. The optimal pH for ammonia removal is 6, but above and below pH 6 reduction in ammonia removal was noticed. The removal process can be considered fast because of largest amount of ammonia attached to chabazite within the first 30 min of experiment (77% removal of ammonia) In the column study, a slower flow rate provided better removal efficiency and adsorption capacity because at slower flow rate solution more contact time with chabazite compared with a higher flow rate. from this observation, it is clear that retention time is an important parameter in the ammonia removal with this synthetic zeolite.
5. Chapter V:
Conclusion shows chabazite is suitable for NH3 removal from water. NH3 removal by chabazite depends upon various factors such as particle size, contact time, pH, initial ammonium load, and a flow rate. In both batches and column experiments, smaller chabazite particle size 0.2mm showed better Q and E%. NH3 removal was faster at initial contact time because of empty adsorption site and a high concentration gradient. The experimental set up performed best at nearly neutral pH range.