الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. Spastic CP is characterized by increased tone (not necessarily constantly) and/or pathological reflexes (hyper-reflexia or pyramidal signs). Crouch gait a gait pattern characterized by excessive knee flexion in terminal swing and stance, is a frequently observed gait deviation among children with cerebral palsy.
Varying degrees of biomechanical dysfunction, differences in tone and spasticity, the strength ratio of agonist to antagonist, inappropriate muscle activity, and abnormal external force application all influence gait function and efficiency.
To prepare treatment plans and accurately assess outcomes of treatment of children with cerebral palsy, a balanced combination of medical history, detailed physical examination, functional assessment, imaging, observational gait analysis, computerized gait analysis, and assessment of patient and family goals must be interpreted.
Management of the patient with cerebral palsy depends upon the restoration of muscle balance, proper alignment of joints and establishment of correct posture in the line of gravity. No therapeutic program can succeed without attaining these goals.
Single event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) has become the standard treatment to improve gait in ambulatory patients with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. SEMLS reduces total hospitalization times, subsequent surgeries, and the recurrences of deformities and increases the efficiency of postoperative rehabilitation.