الفهرس 
Anatomy of the KidneyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Contrast medium induced nephropathy (CIN) is the third leading cause of hospital acquired acute renal failure. Till now, there is no universally accepted method for preventing contrast induced nephropathy, except for extracellular volume expansion.
Aim of the work: this study aimed to study the possible protective role of pretreatment of high dose atorvastatin on urografin induced nephropathy in male albino rats and to perform a biochemical study for kidney function before and after treatment.
Material and methods: 40 male albino rats were used in this study, weighing 200-250 gm. group I: rats were not subjected to any treatment. group II: Rats were given unlimited access to standard rat chow but were deprived of water for 24 hours per day for three successive days. group III: Rats were given unlimited access to standard rat chow but were deprived of water for 24 hours per day for three successive days. Then at the 4th day ionic high-osmolar contrast medium (Urografin) at a dose of 6 ml/kg was administered once intravenously into the tail vein. group IV: Rats were given atorvastatin 30mg/kg/day dissolved in water through oral gavage for 5 days then at the 3rd day rats were deprived of water for three successive days. Rats were given unlimited access to standard rat chow. At the 6th day Ionic high-osmolar contrast medium (Urografin) at a dose of 6 ml/kg was administered intravenously into the tail vein. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were obtained from rats and kidney specimens were collected, processed for paraffin blocks and examined by light microscope.
Results: light microscopic examination of renal sections from (group III) showed congested glomeruli, occlusion of most of Bowman’s space with homogenous material deposition, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and thickening of the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule. Some tubules showed pyknotic nuclei with necrosis of their lining epithelium, tubular lumen filled with hyaline cast, medullary congestion and inflammatory cells infiltrate. There was a significant increase in the serum levels of creatinine, BUN compared to the control group. light microscopic examination of renal sections from (group IV) showed less tubular damage, less vacuolated tubular cell, partially intact brush border of proximal convoluted tubules, and marked reduction in tubular cast. There was a significant decrease in the serum levels of creatinine, BUN compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The use of high osmolality contrast media (urografin) in presence of risk factor as dehydration in the rat caused severe histopathological alterations in the renal tissues affecting the glomeruli, renal tubules and affecting the renal function that were improved by administration of high dose atorvastatin for 5 consecutive days prior to urografin injection.
Key words: protective, kidney, atorvastatin, urografin