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العنوان
EFFECTS OF ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATION AND HERBAL REMEDY ON SOME ORGANS OF MICE EMBRYOS DURING PREGNANCY /
المؤلف
El-Helw, Faten El-Morsy Mohamed.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / Faten El-Morsy Mohamed El-Helw
مشرف / Iman Z. Abd El Samie
مشرف / Suzan Abd El-Aziz Ahmed
مناقش / Elham H. A. Ali
تاريخ النشر
2018.
عدد الصفحات
303p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
علم الحيوان والطب البيطري
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2018
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية العلوم - علم الحيوان
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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from 303

Abstract

7- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The present study aimed to evaluate, the safety of maternal treatment with Fluoxetine (Flux) and St. John’s Wort (SJW) on the development of mice embryos.
The pregnant females were divided into 4 groups. The first group (GI) served as a control group. The second group control depressed group (G II) (Res) injected once subcutaneously (S.C.) by 0.1mg/kg of reserpine on GD 7. The third group Fluoxetine group (Flux) (G III) (Res + Flux) injected once subcutaneously (S.C.) by 0.1mg/kg of reserpine on GD 7, and received daily 7.5 mg/kg of Flux by oral gavage from GD 8 to GD 14. The fourth group St. John’s Wort group (SJW) (G IV) (Res + SJW) injected once subcutaneously (S.C.) by 0.1mg/kg of reserpine on GD 7, and received daily 70 mg/kg of SJW by oral gavage from GD 8 to GD 14.
The open field test was performed at the day 15 and 16 of gestation. All the groups were sacrificed at the day 18 of gestation by decapitation. Females of both control and treated groups were dissected and the fetuses were obtained for morphological and histological examination. The brain of mothers and fetuses were excised and prepared for the determination of cortex and brain stem Monoamine neurotransmitters content, and the whole brain Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, Nitric oxide (NO) content, Glutathione reduced (GSH) content and Glutathione oxidized (GSSG) content.
The mean increase in maternal body weight was less in the experimental groups as compared with that of the control group. The lowest increase in the mean increase in maternal body weight was noticed in group IV.
Thirteen cases of abortions were recorded in group III (44.8%) and twenty cases of abortion in group IV (64.5%).
The mortality rate was increased in group III five cases of death (17.2%) and group IV showed three cases of death (9.7%).
The mean fetal body length showed highly significant decrease in groups III and IV.
Fluoxetine and St. John’s Wort caused growth retardation of fetuses of all experimental groups compared with those of control and control depressed group. External malformations in groups III &IV included very thin skin , anencephaly, protrusion of the brain or exencephaly, anophthalmia and many others showed subcutaneous hemorrhage, where blood was accumulated under the skin on the dorsal side of the back.
The cerebral cortex of 18-days-old fetuses in Res + Flux group and in Res + SJW group revealed obvious variations as compared with the control. The neuropile contained wide vacuoles, the pyramidal cells showed sign of pyknosis and karyolysis of their nuclei, the pyramidal cells of inner granular layer were necrotic and shrunken and the polymorphic layer possessed numerous vacuoles.
The liver of 18-days-old fetuses in Res + Flux group and in Res + SJW group revealed histopathological changes in the form of congestion of blood vessels, dilation of blood sinusoid and their endothelial cells were markedly eroded and ruptured, most of the central veins were congested and contained hemolysed blood cells, most of the hepatic cells possessed deteriorated nuclei with prominent features of pyknotized, karyorrhexed or karyolysed nuclei and marked increase in the number of the megakaryocytes.
The lung of 18-days-old fetuses in Res + Flux group and in Res + SJW group showed that blood vessels and capillaries were highly congested, the lining epithelium of some bronchioles and alveolar ducts were destructed and numerous cells were detached in their lumina and contained darkly stained cells with pyknotized nuclei and hyperplasia in the interalveolar septa. The alveoli were filled with hemolysed blood cells and hemorrhage and the cells of the interalveolar septa possessed highly vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm and pyknotized nuclei.
Open field test for mice groups of different antidepressant drugs revealed a significant increase in line crossing in the Res + SJW aborted group and in the Res + Flux group when compared to depressed group. Moreover, a significant increase in the Res + SJW group in stretch and in rearing in the Res + SJW aborted group when compared to depressed group.
There was a significant increase in different neurotransmitter content in cortex such as NE, DA and 5HT in the Res + Flux and Res + SJW as compared to Res group. However in cortex of aborted groups which treated with Res + Flux or Res + SJW there was a significant decrease as compared to Res group. There was a significant increase in different neurotransmitter in brain stem such as NE and 5HT in the Res + SJW group and in the brain stem 5HT contents of aborted groups treated with Res + Flux or Res + SJW as compared to the Res group.
There was a significant decrease in brain MDA in the Res +Flux group and Res + SJW group and in aborted groups treated with Res + Flux or Res + SJW as compared to Res group.
The GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio in Res +Flux and Res + SJW groups were significantly increased as compared to the Res group. Brain GSH/GSSG ratio in the aborted groups treated with Res + Flux or Res + SJW were significantly increased, while brain GSH in aborted group treated with Res + SJW was significantly decreased when compared to the Res group. Data revealed a significant decrease in GSSG in all treated groups when compared to the Res group.
There was a significant decrease in NO contents in the all treated groups as compared to Res group.
There was a significant increase in brain stem of fetuses in different neurotransmitter such as NE, DA and 5HT in the Res + Flux group and the Res + SJW group as compared to Res group. While, DA was also increased in cortex in the Res + Flux group and the Res + SJW group as compared to Res group. In fetuses there was a significant increase in brain (MDA) in depressed group when compared to control group. In fetuses there was a significant increase in GSH in the Res + Flux group and Res + SJW group when compared to the Res group. In fetuses data revealed a non-significant increase in NO in all group when compared to the control group.


Conclusion
Either Fluoxetine or St. John’s Wort improves the depressed effect of reserpine on the pregnant mothers and fetuses of treated mice but they still had a negative impact on the histology and biochemistry of the fetuses development. Fluoxetine was better than St. John’s Wort because it had less negative impact on the histology and biochemistry on the fetuses development.