الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out at National Research Center (Biochemical Studies Proetein Electrophoresis and Isozymes : Peroxidase and PPT), Agriculture Research Center (Molecular studies and Isozyme Electrophoresis ADH and MDH) and Soil analysis (Desert Research Center). The objective of this study is to study the genetic fingerprint on four Solanaceae species (Lycium shwaii, Solanum nigrum, Nicotiana gluca and Hyoscyamus muticus) and collect them from North western coast and Saint Catherine
At the level of morphology the four species (Lycium Shwaii, Solanum nigrum from Northwestern coast ,Solanum nigrum from Saint Catherin ,Hyoscyamus muticus, Nicotiana gluca) informative morphological characters were identified in this study. Most of these characters had been previously applied to at least some of the species by other authors. The following parameters were estimated (hieght of plant and leaf parameter).
Biochemical data are often used to solve taxonomic problems and to assess genetic variability within and among populations. Electrophoretic analysis of seed and seedling protein or isozymes of several specieshave been investigated. The use of information for varietal identification is now established, and has been reviewed comprehensively in recent years. The five species of solanaceae (Lycium shawii , Solanum nigrum , Nicotiana glauca , Hyoscyamus muticus ) were fingerprinted by SDS-PAGE of protein.The results indicated that the total number of bands is twenty bands, the maximum number of bands was 20 which found in (Hyoscyamus muticus from saint catherin –Hyoscyamus muticus from north western coast – and Solanum nigrum from saint catherin).
Based on SDS-PAGE protein data showed that the genetic similarity indices ranged from 18% to 44% . The closet relationship was detected between Hyoscyamus muticus from North western coast and Solanum nigrum from North western coast (44%) followed by 29% between Hyoscyamus muticus from SaintCatherin and Hyoscyamus muticus from North western coast. On the other hand, the farthest relationship of similarity matrices was detected between Hyoscyamus muticus from North western coast and Solanum nigrum from Saint Catherin (18%). The dendrogram based on the similarity matrices of preotein SDS-PAGE banding patterns separated the four species of solanaceae into one cluster including the regions ( Saint Catherin and North western coast) .
Isosyme electrophorsis is widely used method of estimating genetic variation,and literally numerous of studies have been conducted on a wide range oforganisms. Electrophoretic analysis permits individuals to be distinguished from one another based on enzyme variation. These differences among individuals can be compiled to generate statistics about the degree of variation.
In the present investigation, four isozyme systems; peroxidase, poly phenyl oxidase, maltate dehydrogenase, and alcohol dehydrogenase were studied.
The isozymes systems data revealed that the genetic similarity indices ranged from 87.00% to 00.00% (Table ). The closet relationship was detected between Hyoscyamus muticus from north western coast and Nicotiana gluca from northwestern coast (87.00%). On the other hand, the farthest relationship was detected between Lycium shwaii from north western coast and Lyciumshwaii from Saint Catherin and between Lycium shwaii from north western coast and Hyoscyamus muticus from Saint Catherin (00.0%). on the similarity matrices of isozyme banding patterns separated into two clusters and Lycium shwaii from Saint Catherin was separated , the first cluster included (Lycium shwaii from North western coast and Nicotiana gluca from north western coast) and the second cluster separated also into one cluster included (Hyoscyamus muticus from north western coast and Solanum nigrum from north western coast)and (Hyoscyamus muticus from Saint Catherin and Solanum nigrum from Saint Catherin) were separated.
ISSR markers are multilocus markers amplified using microsatellites as primers. Unlike RAPDs, they are highly reproducible and polymorphic because they use relatively longer primers at high stringency PCR conditions. ISSR markers are randomly distributed throughout the genome, generally dominant. In the present study, tow molecular studies were used to differentiate between the four species (Lycium shawii, Solanum nigrum, Nicotiana glauca, Hyoscyamus muticus) which collected from two different locations (Northwestern coast , Saint Catherine ) and six primers were used in ISSR Molecular study(44A-49A-49B-98B-HB8-HB15) However only five primers used in RAPD molecular study (OP-A2 – OP-A10 – OP-A13 – OP-C9 – OP-DO3).
ISSR revealed that the genetic similarity indices ranged from 78% to 89% . The nearest relationship was detected between Solanum nigrum from Northwestern coast and Hyoscyamus muticus 89%. On the other hand, the farthest relationship of similarity matrix was detected between Solanum nigrum from Saint Catherin and Hyoscyamus muticus 78%. The dendrogram based on the similarity matrix of ISSR-PCR banding patterns separated two clusters and Lycium shwaii was separated , the first cluster included Hyscyamus muticus and Solanum nigrum from Saint Catherin and the second cluster included Solanum nigrum from Northwestern coast and Nicotiana gluca.
RAPD revealed that the genetic similarity indices ranged from o.59% to 0.86%. the nearest relationship was detected between Hyoscyamus muticus and Solanum nigrum from Northwestern coast 0.86%. on the other hand, the farthest relationship of similarity matrix was detected between Solanum nigrum from Saint Catherine and Lycium shwaii 0.59%. the dendrogram based on the similarity matrix of RAPD banding patterns separated two clusters the first cluster included Hyoscyamus muticus and Solanum nigrum from Northwestern coast and Solanum nigrum from Saint Catherine was separated and the second cluster included Lycium shwaii and Nicotiana gluca.
The results of physical and chemical characteristics of the soil samples collected from North western coast, Saint Katherine and Balouza from North of Sinai that the main proportions of soil in North western coast was 79.6% sand, 4.81% silt , 2.4% clay and the texture was sandy , also in Saint Katherine was 93.02% sand , 9.7% silt , 1.6% clay and the texture was sandy , While in the salt affected soil of Balouza experimental site the proportions of course 95.6% sand, 1.13% silt, 3.8% clay and the texture was sandy.
Conclusion
It can be concluded and recommended that biochemical markers (SDS-PAGE) and molecular markers (ISSR and RAPD-PCR) are used as modern techniques for classification and differentiation among and within the different species.