الفهرس 
REVIEW of LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of three different antimicrobial mouth rinses intraorally, 0.5% Camellia sinensis extract, 0.5% guava leafs extract, and 0.2% sodium fluoride solution on the number of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli spp. in the oral cavity in children.
The study population comprised of 44 children who were 7-12 years old and there were divided into four groups each group comprised of 11 children the first, second, and third groups received one of the agents C. sinesis , guava leafs extract, and fluoride mouth wash respectively the fourth group is the control which received saline mouth wash.
A culture for streptococcus mutants was taken before and after using the mouth rinses from plaque sample which was obtained by using sterile bud from lingual side of lower molars, then diluted with sterile saline in a ratio of 1:100 and added to 10 ml thioglycolate broth to reach 1:100. However a culture for lactobacillus were taken before and after using the mouth rinses from saliva samples which was collected by asking the patient to spit in a sterile plastic container until a suitable amount of saliva was collected.
The number of bacterial colonies before and after rinsing the mouth washes in the four groups were counted, after the clear colonies were seen on the plates indicating the growth, the agar well- diffusion method were employed to analyze the antimicrobial efficacy. Fifty microliters of the different mouth rinses with different concentrations were green tea extract and guava extract 0.25, 0.5,1.0 while fluoride mouth wash 0.1,0.2,0.4 and saline as a negative control was placed in each of the wells and the plates will be incubated at 37°C for 24 hours . The diameter of the zone of inhibition of each mouth rinse against each microbe was measured in millimeters and recorded on the four culture plates using a Vernier caliper.
In our study we used herbal mouth rinses green tea extract and guava leafs extract, that have received special attention nowadays because of being non chemical, non-synthetic, in comparison to fluoride mouth wash and also it has been resulted that green tea mouth rinse have highly effectiveness on suppressing the bacterial colonies of streptococcus mutants, while guava leafs extract mouth wash have highly effectiveness on suppressing the bacterial colonies of lactobacillus.
In vivo analysis for Streptococcus mutans in plaque, there was no significant difference in the bacterial counts between all the tested groups before rinsing. And after rinsing, there was a significant difference between the bacterial counts of all tested groups. However, in the present study there was a statistically significant decrease in mean bacterial counts of streptococcus mutans after using 0.2% fluoride mouth wash in comparison with other groups due to its antibacterial activity.
While there was statistically significant decrease in mean bacterial counts after using green tea and this may be due to the polyphenolic compounds prevented the attachment of S. mutans to tooth structure through modification of its phenotype and that catechin present in green tea inhibits glucosyl transferase and leads in significant reduction of the plaque.
For the in vivo analysis, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used for intragroup comparisons. Showed that there was significantly reduction of bacterial count of streptococcus mutans for all groups which includes sodium fluoride mouth wash, green tea extract mouth wash, guava leaves extract mouth wash. In spite of sodium fluoride was highly significant effect, green tea extract has the nearest effect to it in comparable with guava extract. While the control group (saline) showed the lowest statistically significant reduction of bacterial count.
In this current study there was a significant difference between the reduction percentage changes of all tested groups included sodium fluoride mouth wash, green tea extract mouth wash, and guava leaves extract mouth wash on lactobacilli in saliva. In spite of sodium fluoride was highly significant effect, guava extract has the nearest effect to it in comparable with green tea extract. While the control group (saline) showed the lowest statistically significant reduction of bacterial count.
For the in-vitro analysis Friedman repeated measures test was used for intragroup comparisons followed by multiple pairwise comparisons utilizing Dunn post-hoc test that showed significant inhibition zone of streptococcus mutans bacterial diameter after using green tea extract and guava extract mouth washes in different concentration which included 1%, 0.5%, and 0.25%. And showed significant different between the diameter of zone at 0.25% and 1% concentration , while the diameter at 0.5% had no significant difference from those of other concentrations. There was a significant difference between the diameters of streptococcus mutans bacterial inhibition zones at different concentration of sodium fluoride mouth wash (0.4%-0.2%-0.1%). However, there was no significant correlation between the diameter of bacterial inhibition zones and the concentration of (Green tea extract), while for (Guava extract) and (Fluoride) there was a strong positive significant correlation between the same variables.
The in-vitro analysis showed significant inhibition zone of lactobacilli bacterial diameter after using green tea extract and guava extract mouth washes in different concentration which included 1%, 0.5%, and 0.25%. Which showed significant different between the diameter of zone at 0.25% and 1% concentration , while the diameter at 0.5% had no significant difference from those of other concentrations.
There was a significant difference between the diameters of lactobacilli bacterial inhibition zones at different concentration of sodium fluoride mouth wash (0.4%-0.2%-0.1%). For all rinses, there was a strong positive significant correlation between their concentration and the diameter of bacterial inhibition zones.