الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out at a private dairy farm at El-Amal district along Cairo-Ismailia road with an average of 3000 heads. A sample of 980 Holstein calves (429 females and 551 males) from one herd of dairy cows which have been born during one year have been selected to investigate the effect of calf gender, gestation period length of the cows, number of dams lactation season, number of offspring and parturition state on behaviour and growth performance of preweaning calves in dairy herd from birth till weaning under a same managemental conditions that were mostly required for high production and welfare of dairy cows and calves.
i. The effect of calf’s sex on behaviour and performance.
1- There was a non significant difference between males and females in presence of abnormal behaviours during the first 12 hours of calf’s life (as delayed sternal recumbancy and standing or abnormal suckling).
2- There was a significant difference between males and females in durations and frequencies of behaviours related to respiratory, digestive or mixed disorders which were significantly higher in females than males.
3- Calf sex had no significant effect on calf birth weight however; male calves had a higher birth weight than females.
4- Weaning age was shown non-significantly affected by calf sex.
5- Calf sex had a low significant effect on preweaning average growth rate, where the males had a slightly higher growth rate than females.