الفهرس 
Shape InterpolationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 192 |  |  |
| | | from | 192 | | |
Abstract
Making realistic facial animation is one of the most challenging research topics in facial animation field because producing realistic photo and sentimental virtual characters require a combination of face modeling, animating, and rendering. Techniques that commonly used for facial animation are in need of naturalism. The most popular expression coding systems are FACS and MPEG-4 Facial Animation. FACS (Facial Action Coding system) is a landmark technique that enables remarkable improvements in making realistic facial animations. where MPEG-4 (Moving Pictures Experts Group-4) Facial Animation provides a standard way of encoding facial actions by defining various parameters for a talking face. A review was made on how to achieve realistic facial animation, focusing on the applications and limitations of the FACS comparing to MPEG-4 facial animation. The review inferred that FACS
IX
helps animators to represent and build realistic facial expressions by defining all conceivable facial liveliness units of the human face. FACS is an anatomically based framework for portraying all detectable movements of the face. It provides a very reliable description for the face upper parts but not for the lower parts of the face. This limits FACS from being the dominant technique in the Facial Animation field. The tongue was one of these missing parts of the lower face that didn’t have full description in FACS. So, we proposed 12 AUs (Action Unites) for the Tongue, based on tongue anatomy, following the same format Paul Ekman used in defining FACS AUs. The proposed AUs were implemented on a 3D human model using Daz Studio Pro. and the results were compared with photos that have been captured for real humans performing the proposed AUs. The results were very realistic like the ones performed by the real humans. Then the proposed AUs were used to make tongue animation for a very popular
X
tongue movement in Egypt which is called Zaghrouta. The resulted animation was very realistic and almost identical to the video taken for an Egyptian woman performing this movement. We are having now anatomically defined and reliable AUs for the tongue that overcame one of FACS limitations. The proposed AUs offer additional pose control dials, as an add-on for the existing computer graphics software, which gives the animator more control and flexibility over the tongue and new levels of dynamic movements.The main aims of the thesis are: to make a comprehensive study on the Facial Animation field, to focus on one of the face parts, which is the tongue, and completely cover every aspect of this part in order to propose an improvement for it.