الفهرس 
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Abstract
1. Only trypsinized human dermal fibroblast (HDF) is liable for genetic reprogramming. 2. The LAB-treated HDF cells converted into multipotent stem cells like embryonic stem. 3. The reprogrammed cells were not only morphologically looked as ESCs but changes realized at molecular level, in terms of the reactivation of a set of genes related to pluripotency. 4. The growth pattern of the HDFs cells before and after treatment with live bacteria showed no measurable change in cell growth curves of both types of cells. 5. The human HDF cell clusters can stay alive for one or two months in the status of ESCs in the appropriate culture medium. 6. These generated multipotent stem cells failed to proliferate like ESCs and iPSCs, which illustrates their safety to use in the area-specific transplantation of L. acidophilus-incorporated cell clusters and no conversion into teratomas or chimeras. 7. The L. acidophilus culture supernatant is devoid of any secretory compounds that could be involved in the genetic reprogramming of HDF cells in multipotent cells. 8. The whole L. acidophilus cells, sonicated solution of L. acidophilus cells and some of its fractions showed the genetic reprogramming ability in the conversion of adult HDF cells into multipotent cells. 9. The f14, f16 and f17 of sonicated L. acidophilus cells were the most potent to induce pluripotency in the HDF cells. However, not all fractions were equal in the genetic reprogramming processes. 10. The data clearly suggested that the induced multipotency of HDF stem cells not related to induction of gene expression of the ten genes tested but the induction was generally selective. 11. It also safe to conclude that the compound(s) responsible about multipotency is (are) a f17 compound of the L. acidophilus bacterial cells. 12. Although, the fractionation procedure used during this project is revealing and narrowed the further research direction, but the exact mechanism of action or activation the set of genes related to multipotency need more extensive efforts to decipher.