الفهرس 
Literature ReviewOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 358 |  |  |
| | | from | 358 | | |
Abstract
Thirty two fungal strains were isolated from grains and seeds. Ten of them were selected and identified morphologically (by microscopic and macroscopic characters using different media) and by molecular methods (ITS sequences) and identified as A. flavus EGDA11, A. flavus EGDA12, A. flavus EGDA13, A. niger EGDA21, A. niger EGDA22, A. fumigatus EGDA31, P. citrinum EGDA41, F. graminearum EGDA51, Alternaria alternata EGDA61 and Alternaria tenuissima EGDA62. Some physiological tests were performed to confirm their identification. Different factors were investigated for their inhibitory effect on the growth of isolated fungi including different media, temperature, pH, light and water potential. Traditional screening methods of mycotoxins were performed using UV light, ammonia vapour and the observation of specific pigment on CAM medium. The toxicity of the fungal strains was estimated using HPLC system, Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 & G2) production for three isolates of A. flavus & A. fumigatus EGDA31; ochratoxins for two isolates of A. niger & Penicillium citrinum EGDA41; fumonisins for Fusarium graminearum EGDA51. The work was extended to study some controls for the elimination of the growth of contaminating fungi and their mycotoxins production using dried fruit bodies of five selected mushrooms (Ganoderma sp. EGDA, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus florida, Agaricus bitorquis, and A. bisporus). Four fraction extracts of Ganoderma sp. EGDA were selected and evaluated for their activity. LC/MS analysis of the cultivated Ganoderma sp. EGDA separated six pure compounds, two of them are new. GC/MS revealed that, thirty different compounds were identified from four fractions of the cultivated Ganoderma sp. EGDA. This study was used the dry powder of Ganoderma sp. EGDA fruitbodies for reducing the production of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1. Also, Ganoderma sp. EGDA fruitbodies powder used for decreasing the growth of pathogenic fungi.