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العنوان
EFFECT OF PLAN OF NUTRITION FOR DROMEDARY
FEMALE CAMEL AND CAMEL CALVES ON
MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AND PRODUCTIVE
AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE /
المؤلف
IBRAHIM, AMAL ABDEL-KAREEM OTHMAN.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / AMAL ABDEL-KAREEM OTHMAN IBRAHIM
مشرف / Hamdy Mohamed Ahmed El-Sayed
مشرف / Mohamed Reda Ismail Anous
مناقش / Reda Salama Mohamed
تاريخ النشر
2018.
عدد الصفحات
131 P. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
الدكتوراه
التخصص
علم الحيوان والطب البيطري
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2018
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الزراعة - قسم الانتاج الحيوانى
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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Abstract

Sixteen Maghrebi she –camels weighing 512.74 kg on the average, with parity (2-5) of parity were divided into three groups. The first group (G1) was fed 100% of their daily concentrates requirements. The second group (G2) was offered 75% of their daily concentrates requirement for one month after delivery, while the third group (G3) was fed on 75% of their daily of concentrate requirements for two months (one month pre and another one post-partum). New born calves were divided after one month of lactation to four groups as follows; calves born to G1 dams were divided randomly to two subgroups. The first one (G1-1) suckled their dams naturally, while the other (G1-2) was artificial reared on a milk mixture of (50% natural camel milk and 50% cattle milk replacer). Calves born to G2 and G3 dams were artificial reared on a mixture 50% natural camel milk and 50% cattle milk replacer like that of (G1-2). Two digestibility trails were conducted, the first one was carried out at the end of the first restricted feeding period, before parturition, while the second was conducted at the second part of feed restriction (after calving). Results obtained could be summarized as follows:
Part 1: effect of restricted feeding on she – camels:
1. The digestion coefficients of DM, CF, CP did not differ significantly among groups. While, digestibility of OM and NFE were differ significantly among groups. The highest OM digestibility value was recorded by G1 group (the control), while the highest NFE digestibility value was record by G2 group ( 30 days restricted feeding after calving).
2. Change in live body weight before calving was not significantly differed among groups; while after calving there was significant effect of restricted feeding (P˂0.05) on live body weight changed from the beginning of the experiment to the end in G3. Sixty days after calving, highest loss in LBW of G3 dams than the other two groups. There was insignificant effect of feed restriction on final body weight among groups.
3. There were insignificant differences among groups neither in total milk yield, nor in time required to first heat, while there was significant effect of restricted feeding on time required for conception. There was significant increase in time needed to conception in 60 days restricted feeding group (G3).
4. There was insignificant effect of restricted feeding on total protein percent, while fat percentage and lactose were decrease (P˂0.05) in G3 (60 days restricted feeding) during the first and seven month of lactation.
5. Gestation length, placental weight, length of labor, time of complete parturition, time needed to first standing of she-camels after parturition did not differ among groups due to feed restriction process.
6. Total protein concentration in blood serum was significantly decreased (P˂0.05) before and after calving in G3, which exposed to 60 days restricted feeding, while, albumin concentration did not differ among groups. Globulin concentration was significantly decreased (P˂0.05) in G3 group before calving, but not after calving.
7. Glucose concentration did not differ among groups neither before nor after calving.
8. Udder and teat measurements before and after milking were not significantly affected due to restricted feeding, however Udder (depth, length, height and size) indicated high insignificant value in G1 she-camels group.
9. Economic efficiency indicated that increase the duration of restricted feeding of she-camels decreased the total feed cost from 8.64 and 17 % for G2 and G3, respectively in compare with G1(the control fed group) had no restricted feeding.
Part 2: Effect of she-camels restricted feeding on newborn calves, indicated:
1. Insignificant difference in birth weight among groups.
2. from birth to one month old age calves growth rate in G3 was decreased.
3. Slightly higher insignificant growth rate was detected in calves of (G1-2) group, than other suckled calves groups, The final live body weight of camel calves did not differ significantly among different camel calves at 7 months old age.
4. Lying time, time to successful standing, time to first suckling, number of nursing bouts and duration of nursing bouts as calves behaviors did not differ among groups, due to restricted feeding of other dams.
5. Artificial nursing of camel calves had economic benefits on reducing feed costs and lead to more camel milk available to sell which might lead in turn to more income for farm system.
General conclusion:
On the light of the present results, it could be concluded that, restricted daily concentrate feeding allowance for late pregnant she-camels, up to 75% and for two months, one month pre- parturition and another one at early lactation, did not lead to any significant negative effect on she-camels productive and reproductive traits. She-camels had an excellent ability to adapt with such hash feed conditions and could compensate loss in live body weight and indicated good ab