الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
V
itamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in healthy children and adolescents has been reported worldwide (e.g. India, Turkey, France, Italy, etc.) in the past few years. Although vitamin D deficiency is prevalent, measurement of serum 25 (OH) D levels is expensive, so vitamin D testing is limited to those at risk for severe deficiency and universal screening is not supported.
Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D may also be important for a variety of non-skeletal outcomes including neuromuscular function, immunomodulation, and control of other hormonal system. It is well known that exposure of skin to direct sunlight is the most important source of vitamin D, so that according to many causes like fear of skin cancer, traditional clothing and spending most of the time indoors many Egyptian girls are exposed to vitamin D deficiency.
We aimed in our study to determine the frequency of occurrence of vitamin D deficiency among Egyptian adolescent females aged 10-18 years in Cairo and determination of relation between vitamin D status and height.
Our cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 healthy adult females aged (10-18) years.
Samples collected from participants in Cairo at national institute of diabetes and endocrinology (NIDE) and Ain Shams university hospitals, during spring and summer from March to July 2017. Healthy females accompanying inpatients and females came to outpatient clinics for otherwise minor problems were invited to volunteer for our study. The purpose of the study was explained and a written consent was obtained.
All participants were subjected to full medical history taking, including sun exposure and dietary questionnaire, General clinical examination including Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and Laboratory investigations including (Hb, S. creatinine, S. total Ca, PTH, Alk.Ph and 25 hydroxyvitamin D level).
Subjects with chronic systemic diseases like: chronic liver diseases, chronic kidney diseases, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, endocrinological diseases & neurological disease, also subjects on vitamin D and calcium supplements were excluded from the study.
We found the following ratios of vitamin D deficiency in our participants:
group Ι: Vitamin D sufficient group with vitamin D level >30 ng/ml which included 36/90 (40%).
group ΙΙ: Vitamin D with mild deficiency group, with vitamin D level between 21-29 ng/ml which included 13/90 (14.44%).
group ΙΙΙ: Vitamin D with moderate deficiency group with vitamin D level between 10-20 ng/ml which included 10/90 (11.11%).
group IV: Vitamin D with severe deficiency group with vitamin D level <10 ng/ml which included 31/90 (34.44%).
Our study showed that on comparing between vitamin D status groups as regard weight for age revealed non-significant difference (p=0.652)and (p=0.808) respectively.
On comparing vitamin D rich food intake among our participants, we found a highly significant difference (p<0.001).
On comparison between vitamin D status as regard duration of sun exposure, we found a highly significant difference (p<0.001).
On comparison between vitamin D status as regard height for age using Chi-square test and growth curve, we found a significant difference between studied groups (p=0.012).
On comparing serum calcium level in studied groups we found a highly significant difference between studied groups (p<0.001).
On comparing serum creatinine level in studied groups, we found a highly significant difference between studied groups (p<0.001).
On comparing parathormone hormone level in studied groups, we found a highly significant difference between studied groups (p<0.001).
On comparing studied groups as regard serum alkaline phosphatase level (Alk.Ph), we found a high significant different between studied groups (p<0.001).
On comparison between studied groups and serum hemoglobin (HB), we found a highly significant difference between studied groups (p<0.001).
On correlating different parameters with vitamin D level, our results showed a significant positive correlation with serum Ca and hemoglobin level (r=0.930) (p<0.001), (r=839) (p<0.001) respectively.
Also, results showed a significant negative correlation with serum creatinine level, parathormone hormone level (PTH) and serum alkaline phosphatase level (Alk.Ph) (r=-0.527) (p<0.001), (r=-0.856) (p<0.001), (r=-0.840) (p<0.001) respectively