الفهرس 
Historical BackgroundOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
Toxoplasma infection can cause severe consequences
during pregnancy and immunodeficient hosts, yet no effective
drug therapy has been approved till now. Thus, evaluation of
new potential drugs against toxoplasmosis is increasingly
necessary.
In the present study, the efficacy of silver and chitosan
nanoparticles loaded spiramycin were evaluated in mice
infected with toxoplasmosis. The study was conducted on 160
laboratory CD1 mice with a weight range of 20-25 gm. The
animals male were provided by the Schistosome biological
supply program (SBSP) at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute
(TBRI).The normal control group contained 10 mice. The rest
of the experimental animals were divided to 10 groups each
group contained 15 mice. RH virulent strains of T. gondii were
injected intra peritoneal in Swiss albino mice for acute infection
103 viable tachyzoites / mice. The administration doses of drug
was orally given to mice started from the first day to the seventh
day post-infection. group (1) uninfected non- treated (the
normal-control group)while group (2) infected non-treated
group (the infected-control group)and group (3) infected and
received spiramycin drug while group (4) infected treated with v by the fourth day post infection, several symptoms
were observed in all infected mice belong to the different
studied groups.
The percentage of reduction in the number of T. gondii
tachyzoites after seven days of treatment with the combined
therapy gave best results than single treatment. The percentage
of reduction in the number of T. gondii after treatment by
spiramycin was lowest statistically significant (p<0.05). While
the percentages of reduction in the number of T. gondii
tachyzoites after treatment by spiramycin combined chitosan
and silver nanoparticles was highly statistically significant
(p<0.001).
Seven days post treatment all infected treated mice groups
showed reduction in level of IgM. However, all groups
receiving silver NPs showed significant decrease in level of
IgM.
Serum circulating cytokines IFN-γ, were increased during
the infection and treatment period in mice groups when
compared to the control normal group. This was more
pronounced in group treated by spiramycin combined CS NPs
and Ag NPs. While TNF- α levels were found to be decreased
in all treated groups as compared to infected control group.Also the toxicity concentrations of nanoparticles in liver
and kidney tissues homogenate was assessed, the results
indicated increase of glutathione level while the levels of
malondialdahyde were decreased significantly in the all treated
groups by nanoparticles.
Major histological changes were observed in liver of
infected group associated with severe changes, while many
histological alterations were enormously reduced in all groups
after treatment, Liver sections of infected mice treated with
spiramycin combined nanochitosan revealed some moderate
pathological changes such as inflammatory cellular infiltrations
and fatty degeneration in some hepatocytes, while all group
after treatment by silver nanoparticles revealed mild
pathological changes in the liver.