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Abstract Mushroom is one of the man’s earliest foods which have come to be recognized as highly nutritive food, low in calories, but rich in proteins and certain vitamins. A distinctive feature of mushroom protein is that it comprises of all the essential amino acids and has highly digestible value. The vitamins of mushrooms are not destroyed by cooking, drying and freezing. Mushroom has been used as a food and medicine by different civilizations since immemorial time, due to its delicious taste and dietetic qualities. Development of mushroom industry was stimulated in 1960, with the establishment of laboratories for research on the mushroom. Such development was established not only in U.S.A and Europ but also in Jaban, Tiwan and Korea. Improved technologies on the use of mushroom growing houses and use of pure culture spawn increased production of the mushroom world wide 1. In vitro experiments Five different bacterial strains namely, Peanibacillus polymyxa (AT13), Bacillus circulans (SD6), Bacillus megaterium (PSB), Azotobacter chroococcum (A101) and Pseudomonas flourescens (Ps1) were tested for their antagonistic activity against eight edible mushroom strains namely Straphoria rugoso-annulate, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Auricularia. sp, Lentinula edodes, Vollvariella volvacea. Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida. Most of the bacterial strains showed antagonistic among all the treatments except Peanibacillus polymyxa with P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and Ps. flourescens with P. florida which reveals no antagonistic effect between each pair of them. selected bacterial strains Peani. polymyxa and Ps. flourescens were examined for some biological activities such as nitrogenase activity, phosphate solubilization, potassium mobilization, production of indole acetic acid(IAA), gibberellic acid and cytokinins. Peani. polymyxa was able to fix atmospheric nitrogen with nitrogenase activity which estimated 3.38 μ Mole C2H4/ml/h. The highest amount of solubilized phosphate was 169 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Norhan Hassan Abdel-Aziz (2018), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ. recorded with Ps. flourescens. While the capability of potassium mobilization was recorded with Peani. polymyxa. Ps. fluorescens recorded the highest production capability of cytokinins, indol acetic acid and gibberellin. In accordance with enzymatic activities the strain Peani. polymyxa exhibit the highest enzymatic activity on the plate as an oxidative zone with laccase being 2.2 cm and as hydrolysis zone with cellulose, protease and chitinase being 2, 3.9 and 0.9 cm respectively. The linear mycelial growth of three oyster mushroom strains namely P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. florida was examined on six different agar media to select the most suitable one. Effect of pH was also examined at different values on the selected medium. Results indicated that malt extract agar medium was the most suitable one for mycelium growth of all the tested mushroom strains. The mycelia growth of the tested oyster mushroom strains was also examined at different temperatures. The highest significant mean linear growth (cm) was recorded within 25oC in all tested strains The capability of the tested mushroom strains P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. florida to grown on wide range of relative humidity (RH) levels have been tested invitro to locate the best relative humidity that award the best linear growth for each strain. The highest significant linear growth was recorded within 65% RH in all tested mushroom strains. Seven different cereal grains namely (millet, sorghum, barley, yellow maize, white maize, wheat, and oat were tested individually or in combination(1:1) for mushroom spawn production to select the best spawn production substrate that gives the best growth performance of tested mushroom strains P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. florida during spawn production stage. Effect of different cereal grains on nitrogen and dry matter% of P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. florida at the end of the spawn production stage were also determined. No significant variation was recorded in nitrogen % between spawn substrates inoculated by the same mushroom 170 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Norhan Hassan Abdel-Aziz (2018), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ. strain. The highest dry matter% was recorded with yellow maize spawn inoculated with P. eryngii and P. ostreatus. While the highest dry matter% of spawn substrates inoculated with P. florida was recorded with sorghum, yellow maize and white maize which gave 60% for all of them The effect of different combinations between seven cereal grains (1:1) on the linear growth of selected oyster mushrooms (P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. florida) during incubation period throughout spawn production stage were also examined. The highest significant linear growth for P. eryngii (8 cm) was recorded with millet + yellow maize and millet + wheat after 9 days for both of them. While strains P. ostreatus and P. florida recorded their highest significant linear growth (8cm) on millet + yellow maize as a growth substrate after 14 and 9 days respectively. No significant variation was recorded in nitrogen % between all different mixtures of cereal grains inoculated with P. eryngii at which the highest significant nitrogen % was recorded with millet + oat mixture spawn substrate inoculated with P. eryngii. While mixed cereal grains inoculated with P. ostreatus and P. florida recorded low significant variations in nitrogen % at which the highest significant nitrogen % were recorded with barely + wheat spawn substrate inoculated with P. ostreatus and yellow maize+ wheat inoculated with P. florida. The highest significant dry matter % were recorded with millet +sorghum spawn substrate inoculated with P. eryngii and P. florida and millet + yellow maize inoculated by P. ostreatus. Twelve different substrates were examined on mushroom growth namely (cotton waste, cottonseed hull, cottonseed cake, maize husk, maize stalk, corn cob, sugar cane bagasse, sugar cane leaf, rice straw, wheat straw, banana leaf and broad bean stover) were tested individually as growth substrates for mycelial mushroom production. The highest significant linear growth (8 cm) for P. eryngii and P. ostreatus recorded with cottonseed cake after 9 days from incubation period for both of them followed by cottonseed hull that recorded full colonization (8 cm) after 14 171 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Norhan Hassan Abdel-Aziz (2018), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ. and 12 days respectively. While P. florida recorded its highest significant linear growth (8cm) on cottonseed hull after 11 days followed by cottonseed cake which recorded the full colonization (8cm) after 12 days. The highest significant nitrogen% were recorded with cottonseed hull beds inoculated by P. eryngii and P. florida and cottonseed cake beds inoculated by P. ostreatus. The highest significant dry matter% were recorded with cottonseed hull beds inoculated by P. eryngii and P. florida and cotton seed cake beds inoculated by P. ostreatus. The effect of different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) of ammonium sulphate and urea as chemical additives to improve the growth performance of selected oyster mushroom strains (P. eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. florida) grown on different substrates were also examined to select the best concentration from each chemical additive that improve the growth performance of each mushroom strain during 21 days of incubation period. The highest significant linear growth (8 cm) for P. eryngii was recorded within cotton waste supplemented with 0.5% ammonium sulphate as a chemical additive after 12 days of inoculation. While the highest linear growth and the lowest full colonization period compared to other concentrations of ammonium sulphate, 0.5% ammonium sulphate as a chemical additive reveal slow growth rate on all growth substrates inoculated by P. ostreatus during incubation period when compared to the other concentrations at which the growth was continued after 21 days of incubation period except cotton seed hull and maize husk which reached the full colonization (8cm) after 16 and 18 days respectively. P. florida recorded the highest significant linear growth (8cm) within cotton seed hull supplemented with 0.5% ammonium sulphate after 15 days of incubation period. Cotton waste beds supplemented with 0.5 ammonium sulphate recorded the highest significant nitrogen % for P. eryngii when compared to other substrates supplemented within the same concentration of 172 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Norhan Hassan Abdel-Aziz (2018), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ. ammonium sulphate being 2.10%. While 0.5% ammonium sulphate recorded highest significant dry matter 49.0% at the same substrate. The cottonseed hull supplemented with 0.5% ammonium sulphate recorded the highest significant nitrogen% 2.80 for P. ostreatus which gave the highest significant dry matter 64.0% when compared to other beds supplemented with the same ammonium sulphate concentration. The highest significant nitrogen 2.10% for P. florida was recorded with cottonseed hull beds supplemented with 0.5% ammonium sulphate which gave significant dry matter 54.60 % at the same concentration of ammonium sulphate The highest significant linear growth was recorded within cottonseed cake followed by cottonseed hull supplemented with 0.5% urea for P. eryngii recorded full colonization (8cm) after 14 and 15 days respectively and The highest significant linear growth was recorded within cottonseed hull and cotton seed cake supplemented with 0.5% urea for P. ostreatus which recorded full colonization (8cm) after 16 days for both of them. While the highest significant linear growth was recorded within cotton seed cake followed by cottonseed hull supplemented with 0.5% urea which recorded full colonization (8cm) after 15 days and 16 days respectively. Cottonseed hull beds supplemented with 0.5and 1.0% urea as bed substrate for P. eryngii recorded the highest significant nitrogen % and the highest significant dry matter. The highest significant nitrogen% for P. ostreatus was recorded within wheat straw beds supplemented with 0.5% urea and cottonseed cake supplemented with 1.0% and 1.5% urea. Maize husk beds either supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0% urea recorded the highest significant nitrogen % for P. florida when compared to other bed substrates supplemented with the same concentration of urea and the highest dry matter% recorded with cottonseed hull beds supplemented with different concentrations from urea when compared to other beds supplemented with the same concentration of urea. 173 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Norhan Hassan Abdel-Aziz (2018), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ. The effect of different levels from wheat bran as an organic additive on the growth performance of selected mushroom strains grown on different substrates were also examined to select the best wheat bran level that improve the growth performance of each mushroom strain during 21 days of incubation period. Substrates supplemented with 20% wheat bran recorded the highest significant linear growth which is documented as full colonization (8cm) with cotton waste, cottonseed cake and corn cob for P. eryngii after 12 days of inoculation for all of them. While substrates supplemented with 25% wheat bran recorded the highest significant linear growth with sugar cane bagasse after 12 days of inoculation. The highest significant linear growth of P. ostreatus which is full colonization (8cm) was recorded with cotton waste supplemented with 20% wheat bran and sugar cane bagasse supplemented with 25% wheat bran after 14 days of inoculations for both of them. While the highest significant linear growth of P. florida (8cm) was recorded with cotton waste supplemented with 20% wheat bran after 12 days when compared to other substrates supplemented with 20% wheat bran. Substrates supplemented 30% of wheat bran recorded the highest significant linear growth of P. florida with maize stalk and sugar can bagasse after 12 days inoculation when compared to other substrates Sugarcane bagasse beds supplemented with 20 and 25% wheat bran for P. eryngii recorded the highest significant nitrogen% when compared to other bed substrates supplemented with the same level of wheat bran and rice straw supplemented with 20 and 25% wheat bran gave the highest significant dry matter% when compared to other beds supplemented with the same wheat bran level. While sugar cane leaf supplemented by 20% and 35% wheat bran for P. ostreatus recorded the highest significant nitrogen% when compared to other bed substrates supplemented by the same level of wheat bran. While rice straw supplemented by 25% and 30% wheat bran recorded the highest significant nitrogen% when compared to other beds supplemented by the same dosage of wheat bran and the highest significant dry matter% were 174 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Norhan Hassan Abdel-Aziz (2018), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ. recorded within cottonseed hull supplemented by 20% wheat bran, maize stalk supplemented by 25% wheat bran, wheat straw supplemented by 30% wheat bran and broad bean stover supplemented by 35% wheat bran. P. florida strain recorded the highest significant nitrogen% with maize husk supplemented by 20% and 25% wheat bran when compared to other beds supplemented with the same level of wheat bran and the highest significant dry matter% were recorded with cottonseed hull beds of P. florida strain supplemented by 20%, 30% and 35% wheat bran when compared to other substrates supplemented by same wheat bran level. Effect of different levels of different bacterial culture as biological additive on the growth performance of selected mushroom strains were conducted in two stage, spawn production stage and mycelial production stage at different levels of microbial inoculants (Peani polymyxa for inoculate P. eryngii and P. ostreatus bed spawn) and (Ps. fluorescens for P. florida bed spawn) to select the best bacterial culture level that improve the growth performance of each mushroom strains. The highest significant linear growth of P. eryngii was recorded with sorghum and millet + yellow maize either supplemented by 1 ml of Peani. Polymyxa or 2 ml of Peani. Polymyxa after 12, 12 and 17, 17 days in respective order. While the highest significant linear growth of P. ostreatus was recorded with millet + sorghum supplemented by 1 ml Peani. Polymyxa, millet, and barley supplemented by 2 ml of Peani. Polymyxa after 12, 16 and 16 days respectively and the highest significant linear growth of P. florida were recorded with sorghum supplemented by 1 ml of Ps. fluorecens, millet +yellow maize supplemented by 2 ml of Ps. fluorecens after 12 and 12 days of incubation period. The highest significant nitrogen was recorded with millet +yellow maize supplemented by 1, 2 and 3 ml of Peani. polymyxa for P. eryngii when compared with other cereal grains supplemented by the same dose of Peani. Polymyxa and the highest significant dry matter% was recorded with millet + wheat supplemented by 1, 2 and 3 ml of Peani. polymyxa for 175 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Norhan Hassan Abdel-Aziz (2018), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ. P. eryngii. While the highest significant nitrogen% was recorded with millet+ yellow maize in all doses of Peani. polymyxa when compared with other cereal grains supplemented by the same dose of Peani. polymyxa and the highest significant dry matter% was recorded with sorghum supplemented by all doses of Peani. polymyxa for P. ostreatus strain when compared to other cereal grains supplemented by the same dose from Peani. polymyxa. The highest significant nitrogen% were recorded with millet + yellow maize in all supplemented doses of Ps. fluorescens for P. florida strain when compared with other cereal grains supplemented by the same dose from Ps. fluorescens and the highest significant dry matter% was recorded with sorghum supplemented by all doses of Ps. fluorescens for P. florida when compared to other cereal grains supplemented by the same dose of Ps. fluorescens The growth performance of P. eryngii inoculated on different growth substrates supplemented with different concentrations of Peani. polymyxa as biological additive showed significant linear growth of P. eryngii (8cm) were recorded with cotton waste and cottonseed cake supplemented with 25% Peani. polymyxa after 12 days when compared to other substrates supplemented with the same concentration of Peani polymyxa. While the highest significant linear growth of P. ostreatus (8cm) was recorded with cottonseed cake supplemented with 25% Peani polymyxa and corn cob supplemented with 50% Peani polymyxa after 12 days for both of them when compared to other substrates supplemented with the same concentration of Peani polymyxa. The highest significant linear growth of P. florida (8cm) was recorded with cotton waste supplemented with 25% Ps. fluorescens after 12 days from inoculation when compared to other substrates supplemented with the same concentration of Ps. fluorescens. The highest significant nitrogen% of P. eryngii was recorded within cotton waste beds supplemented with each of Peani polymyxa doses, when compared to other beds supplemented with the same doses of Peani |