الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out in Agriculture Research Center Giza, Egypt to investigate: the effect of diet containing different ratios of molokhia on serum blood, liver and kidney functions in rats suffering from toxicity by (Pb-acetate)
Experiment animals
Fourty two male albino rats of Sprague- Dawley strain weighting (200+ 10 g) were divided into six groups; each group included 7 rats caged. The rats were divided into two main groups as the following:
The first major group:(negative control)
The Second major group
It consists of (35) fed on basal diets plus 5% Lead powder (II) acetate trihydrate according to (Dewanjee S.et al, 2013) to infect rats for two weeks, after infection, blood analyzed were made to be sure of lead toxicity, and the average lead rate in the blood after two weeks the injury was 36.06(ppm from pb), 17.77(ppm from pb), 17.80(ppm from pb), 21.28(ppm from pb), 35.80(ppm from pb) respectively ;and the injury continued for another two weeks 363.20 (ppm from pb), 539.00(ppm from pb), 289.60 (ppm from pb), 190.30 (ppm from pb), and 251.20
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(ppm from pb) respectively, then rats divided into (5) subsets:
The first subgroup:fed on (SD) + 5% pb (positive control).
The second subgroup:fed on (SD) + 5% pb + 5% molokhia
The thired subgroup: fed on (SD) + 5% pb +10% molokhia
The fourth subgroup:fed on (SD)+ 5% pb + 15% molokhia
The fifth subgroup :fed on (SD) + 5% pb + 20% molokhia
At the end of the experiment rats were starved for 12 hours before slaughter and blood were collected from each rat after anesthesia and a centrifugal process of blood for serum
After rats anaesthetized liver, kidney and brain of each rat were removed and washed in saline (0.9% Nacl) then weighted immediately. Then kept in 10% formalin for the purpose of histological study.
- Feed intake (FI), Body weight gain % (BWG %) and Feed efficiency ratio (FER).organs (liver, kidney & brain) Relative weight, serum blood, liver and kidney function, Histopathological examination of some organs such as (liver, kidney & brain). All data were processed using the
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Microsoft SPSS version 11.0 software packages for statistical evaluation.
- The mean moisture content of C.olitorius contain were 27.723%, Protein%, 12.91% ash ,10.72% Total Sugars, 9.1% Moisture,7.58% Fibers, 1.99% Oil and Total Phenols 4.74 mg\g.
- Results showed vitamins were 816.07 ppm Nicotinic acid, 185.07 ppm B6, 124.88 ppm Pyridoxin, 205.38 ppm Folic acid, 450.46 ppm B12, 131.67 ppm Vit.A, 71.90 ppm Vit.C, 11.94 ppm Vit.D, 0.386 ppm Vit.E.
- Results contained the phenolic compounds C.olitorius 383.01 μg Gallic ,21178.75 μg Pyrogallol, 582.92 μg 4-Amino-benzoic, 27234.71 μg Protocatchuic, 15281.71 μg Catechein, 30457.94 μg Chlorogenic, 6992.85 μg Catechol, 3237.49 μg Caffeine, 6373.21 μg P-OH-benzoic, 733.87 μg Caffeic, 3065.03 μg Vanillic, 4145.12 μg P-coumaric, 3737.98 μg Ferulic, 773.29 μg Iso- Ferulic, 5396.11 μg Ellagic, 13768.94 μg Benzoic, 1142.48 μg Coumarin, 848.06 μg 3,4,5-methoxy-cinnamic, 7299.22 μg Salycilic and 502.36 μg Cinnamic.
- Results of body weight gain % (BWG%)) showed that, the group of rats fed on basal diet only, (CN)(healthy rats) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in BWG% compared with (CP) and other treated groups. treating (Pb-acetate) in
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rats with molokhia leaves Powder that provide the body with 5% , 10%,15% and 20% decreased the body weight gain, compared to (CN) group. values of feed intake (g/day for each rat) of (Pb-acetate) in rats fed on basal diet, Pb-acetate and treated with molokhia Powder, that provide the body with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were less than (CN). Rats fed with the highest level of molokhia supplementation (20%) conferred the highest feed efficiency,while of (CP) gave the lowest feed efficiency.
- The obtained data revealed that, treating infected with lead rats with different ratio of molokhia 5% , 10%, 15% and 20% improved liver, Kidney, brain revealed of infected with lead rats.The best results of relative weight were found in the group fed on basal diet and treated with (20% molokhia).
- Results recorded that, all treated groups which fed on basal diets and treated with different ratio of (molokhia) which provided the diet with (5%,10%,15%,20%) respectively decreased on lead in blood significantly (P<0.05), compared to the (CP) group (Pb-acetate) in rats
- Serum AST in rats suffering from toxicity by (Pb-acetate) groups fed on basal diet, 5% (Pb-acetate) and treated with molokhia provided the body with (20%) significantly (P<0.05) lower than the (CP) group. The least
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concentration of serum AST among all treated groups was (13.29 ± 2.14) observed in rats suffering from toxicity by (Pb-acetate) which were treated with molokhia 20%.
- Serum ALT in (Pb-acetate) in rats groups fed on basal diet, 5% (Pb-acetate) and treated with molokhia provided that the liver with (20%) decreased significantly (P<0.05), as compared to the (CP) group. The least concentration of serum ALT among all treated groups was (16.71 ± 2.22) observed in (Pb-acetate) in rats which were treated with molokhia 20%.
- All tested groups in the present study showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum urea nitrogen, as compared to the (CP) group. The least concentration of serum urea nitrogen among all treated groups was (55.43 ± 2.99) observed in (Pb-acetate) in rats fed on basal diet, 5% (Pb-acetate) and treated with (Molokhia 20%).
- Results of creatinine showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum creatinine, as compared to the (CP) group. The least concentration of serum urea nitrogen among all treated groups was (1.17 ± 0.08) observed in (Pb-acetate) in rats fed on basal diet, 5% (Pb-acetate) and treated with (molokhia 20% ).
- All treated groups with molokhia observed significant increase (P<0.05) in serum uric acid as compared to the
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(CN) group (healthy rats). The least concentration of serum uric acid among all treated groups was (2.07 ± 0.25, 2.73 ± 0.34 ) observed in (Pb-acetate) in rats fed on basal diet, 5% (Pb-acetate) and treated with (molokhia 5%,10%).
- Histopathological studies on liver, kidney, brain. The results are consistent with the results of the analyzes.