الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this work we studied the effect of heavy metals pollution on the African catfish, (Clarias gariepinus) collected from three different sites in the Nile River(El- Qanatir El Khayriyah) (Reference site), El- Rayah El- Tawfeky (Industrial polluted site) and a canal in Moshtahr village (Agricultural polluted site) during Spring and Summer. We studied the effect of five heavy metals which are cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) on the biochemical profile and antioxidant status of C. gariepinus. As well as, also we studied the histopathological alterations of fish livers.
The result of the study summarized as follows:
Water quality analysis showed that water temperature decreased significantly during spring in the water samples collected from Moshtahr and El- Rayah El- Tawfeky compared to the reference site. As well as, temperature decreased significantly during summer in water samples collected from Moshtahr site. While, the statistical investigation reported that water temperature increased significantly during summer in the water samples collected from El- Rayah El- Tawfeky site compared to the reference site.
The water alkalinity, Salinity, total hardness, pH, and ammonia were increased significantly in water samples collected from both polluted sites during spring and summer. On the other hand, water dissolved oxygen was decreased significantly during spring and summer in the water samples collected from both the polluted sites compared to the reference site.
Water cadmium, copper, iron, lead and zinc concentrations in the water samples collected from both Moshtahr and El- Rayah El- Tawfeky were increased significantly compared with those collected from the reference site.
However, the biochemical analysis showed that:
Serum kidney function (serum creatinine, urea and uric acid), Liver function (AST, ALT and ALP), serum glucose and serum potassium increased significantly during spring and summer in serum samples of C. gariepinus; recording the highest values in Moshtahr during summer season.
Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio and serum sodium were decreased significantly in the collected catfish during spring and summer compared to those collected from fish of EL- Qanatir El- Khayriyah.
Muscle enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) and muscle potassium markedly increased in catfish collected from Moshtahr and El- Rayah El- Tawfeky compared with those from the reference site.
While, Muscle total protein and muscle sodium decreased significantly in muscle samples of C. gariepinus during spring and summer.
Furthermore, the antioxidant statues in the Livers and muscles of catfish collected from Moshtahr and El- Rayah El- Tawfeky showed marked increment in LPO, CAT, SOD, GSH and GST during spring and summer compared with those which were collected from EL- Qanatir El- Khayriyah.
On the other hand, The histopathological alterations in the liver tissues of the African catfish collected from the above mentioned polluted sites exhibited vacuolar degeneration of the hepatocytes, focal areas of necrosis, haemorrhage, aggregation of inflammatory cells in central vein and between the hepatic cells, as well as haemosiderin, dilation and thickening of the central veins and vacuolar necrosis with pyknotic nuclei.