الفهرس 
DedicationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
Obesity is one of the underlying factors for the development of metabolic syndrome. It is a major cause worldwide for major adverse health outcomes and it is defined as state of low-grade chronic inflammation. It induces metabolic and morphological alterations in other peripheral tissues. Hepatic accumulation of lipid and its metabolites plays a critical role in insulin signaling impairment. Nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (NrF2) is a novel and regulatory marker for oxidative stress. Nuclear translocation of NrF2 and its pathway activation leads to activation of number of antioxidant enzymes and pathways. Moreover, recent studies found a regulatory effect of NrF2 on the gluconeogenesis enzymes. So, NrF2/ hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1)/ oxidative stress pathway and gluconeogenesis pathway were interesting eras of the current study. Recently, there is a growing interest in dietary bioactive compounds that protect against and/or mitigate the severity of chronic diseases without the undesirable side effects of many pharmaceutical treatments. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary bioactive compounds that available in the commonly used diets as prophylactic and treatment therapy against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity accompanied with insulin resistance. The dietary bioactive compounds used in the current study are glycyrrhizin, black seed oil (BSO) and their combination. from this work, it can be concluded the following : Glycyrrhizin, BSO and their combination are safe natural components ameliorate body weight and lipid profile along with normal diet. Glycyrrhizin and BSO can be used as prophylactic or treatment therapy for obesity accompanied with insulin resistance. Nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2/HO-1/ oxidative stress pathway and gluconeogenesis pathway have a potential role in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. The mechanism behind prophylactic and treatment effects of glycyrrhizin and BSO included suppression of oxidative stress and gluconeogenesis pathway via activation of NrF2/HO-1pathway. So, the prophylactic and treatment effects of glycyrrhizin, BSO and their combination against HFD-induced obesity accompanied with insulin resistance appear to be mediated via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic properties. The prophylactic and treatment potency of the combined use of glycyrrhizin and BSO caused significant ameliorating effect than single use of them on the pathology level (steatohepatitis score and adipocyte size) against HFD-induced obesity accompanied with insulin resistance. It is advised to fulfill some clinical studies on these natural compounds as supplementary nutrient to protect against obesity and insulin resistance.