الفهرس 
MATERIAL AND METHODSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 158 |  |  |
| | | from | 158 | | |
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is one type of chloro-s-triazine herbicides and it is by far
most widely used in agriculture especially for the production of corn, sorghum,
and sugarcane. It is considered moderately toxic to aquatic animals where as the
induced deleterious effects of it has been studied in different fish species.
Therefore, many European and African countries have restricted its use.
Spirulina is free-floating filamentous microalgae growing in alkaline water
bodies. With its high nutritional value, Spirulina is now widely used as
nutraceutical food supplement worldwide. Recently, great attentions for its
antioxidant free radical scavenging effects and anti-inflammatory properties.
Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine if SP supplementation
exerts a modulatory potency against the ATZ-induced hepatic impairments via
investigation of its effect on hepatic injury indices, hepatic antioxidants and
oxidative stress markers and correlate them with histopathological changes in
liver tissue. Moreover, DNA damage and the mRNA expression pattern of
inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).Seventy two apparently healthy common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (118
±4.2 g) were used in this study. They were randomly assigned into four equal
groups, each group having two replicates (9 fish/replicate; n=18 fish/group).On the termination of the experiment, blood samples were collected from
the caudal vein of individual fish without anticoagulant, centrifuged at 3.000
rpm for 10 min to obtain serum which aspirated and stored at -20°C until the
biochemical analysis. Following sacrificing of experimental and control fish by
cervical decapitation, liver specimens were immediately dissected and assigned
into three specimens; first specimens (n=3/replicate or 6/group) washed with ice
cold phosphate buffered saline (PBS), then homogenized for biochemical
analysis. The second specimens (n=3/replicate or 6/group) stored at - 80°C
until real time RT-PCR analysis, while the third specimens (n=3/replicate or
6/group) were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin solution for istopathological examination