الفهرس 
Problem Statement
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Burullus is one of the most vulnerable Egyptian wetlands along the Mediterranean coast. It is situated at the north central part of the Delta between 30° 30’ and 31’ 10’E and latitudes 31° 19’ and 31’ 36’N. The wetland is located between the two Nile River branches: Damietta and Rosetta, in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate (Attia, 1992). It is a shallow brackish water wetland with an average depth of 115 cm. It receives most of its water at its southern margins through agricultural drains. Besides, Brimbal Canal at the western part of the wetland and Mediterranean Sea through a small opening called Boughaz EI-Burullus (Samaan, el al., 1989). The wetland is rich of a variety of rare plants, animals and aquatic life as well as its special geographical nature used by migratory bird (Abayazid & Al-Shinnawy, 2012).
However, Burullus wetland is recently under threats of anthropogenic activities, posing serious consequences on its ecosystem health and productivity, due to accelerated population growth, unwise development, unsustainable practices, pollution loads from; agricultural drainage that discharge a huge amount of wastes enriched with agricultural fertilizers, industrial and sewage effluents and climate change threats. Missing knowledge about its valuable values and conflict between stakeholders’ interests are also factors affecting the sustainable management of its resources. A management and restoration plan is required for improving the wetland functionality and its potential to deliver ecosystem services and goods.
The main objectives of this thesis can be summarized as 1- identifying the value of ecosystem services provided by Burullus wetland as a model of Egyptian northern wetlands and its contribution to key economic sectors and poverty alleviation, 2- Highlighting the importance of wetlands wise-use, management and decision making using recent management approaches of DPSIR frame work analysis and economic valuation methodologies. 3- Analyzing the state of Burullus ecosystem within the current pressures exerted from socio-economic drivers. 4- Preparing number of responses and actions needed to manage and restore the wetland to its natural condition when declared a part of the protectorate in 1998. 5- Raising stakeholders as well as local communities awareness about the value of the ecosystem services provided by the wetland. 6- Suggesting actions for improving water quality and circulation, restoring the wetland area and depth to it natural conditions. 6- Addressing equity issues and understanding how costs and benefits of a change in ecosystem or a management.
The thesis includes seven chapters where the first chapter includes introduction that introduces the problem definition, study objectives, study area description the scope of work and the study structure. The second chapter includes review of literature that reviews the literature about Egyptian northern wetlands, Burullus wetland ecosystem services. Chapter three includes study area description of Burullus wetland and its surrounding districts. Chapter four includes materials and methods about practical study of materials, method of analysis and linear modeling. Chapter five includes the results and discussion that covers the result obtained during this study from questionnaire analysis, DPSIR framework and optimal allocation modeling. Chapter six includes management and restoration plan that suggested management and restoration plan for improving the wetland functionality. Chapter seven includes conclusion and recommendations that presented conclusions, recommendations and future needed work
The recommendation for this thesis can be summarized as introducing the questionnaires analysis on the ecosystem services of the five districts surrounding Burullus wetland to relevant stakeholders responsible on managing and restoring Egyptian wetlands. Recommendation on the application of DPSIR frame work to the other Egyptian Northern wetlands for integrating the decision making on the whole region. Allocation modeling can be used for better land use management of the ecosystem services surrounding the wetland and reducing the conflict between stake holders. Utilization of this thesis as a guide for managing and restoring Northern wetlands ecosystem services. Further studies is needed for valuating recreational and supporting services for total valuation of the ecosystem services provided by Burullus wetland.