الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the fate of human olfactory bulb neural stem cells (hOBNSCs). Reported¬ly, these cells can be expanded in vitro under prolonged mitogen stimulation without propensity to transform.
Materi¬al and methods: We assessed their possible ability to proliferate and differentiate into different neurons, oligodendro¬cytes and astrocytes through monitoring changes in expression profile of proliferation (NES, NR4A1, SOX2, MSI1) and differentiation (FOXO4, CSPG4, MAP2, GFAP)-related genes.
Results: In vitro induction of hOBNSCs prolif¬eration by addition of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to basal serum-free medium (DMEM/F12) resulted in significant up-regulation of proliferation-related genes. Differentiation of hOBNSCs, which was initiated by replacing bFGF and EGF by triiodothyronine (T3), sig-nificantly increased expression of differentiation-related genes. Among the differentiated cells, GFAP-expressing as¬trocytes constituted the highest population of cells followed by CSPGS-expressing immature oligodendrocytes, then MAP2-expressing immature neurons, and finally FOXO4-expressing mature oligodendrocytes.
Conclusion: These data will enable us to understand the mechanism of proliferation and differentiation of hOBNSCs before and after their engraftment during cell-based therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.