الفهرس 
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori proved to be highly prevalent all over the world, where it infects the gastric mucosa of about half of the world’s population and also cause extra gastric manifestations.
According to the World organization of gastroenterology, the prevalence of H. pylori in Egyptian children aged 3 years is 50%.
Relation between Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer has been proven through several randomized controlled trials of consistent results; all proved that eradication of H. pylori caused healing of peptic ulcer and less recurrence rate however eradication rates for H. pylori decreased due to antibiotic resistance.
This cross Sectional study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains isolated from pediatric patients who went undergo upper GI endoscopy for various gastrointestinal symptoms at Endoscopy Unit, Children Hospital, Ain Shams University.
30 gastric biopsy samples from patients with positive rapid urease test. They were 18 males (60%) and 12 females (40%). Their ages ranged from 5-16 year.
Patients in the study were subjected to thorough medical history and examination, CBC, iron profile, blood grouping and upper GI endoscopy, 2 antral biopsies, one for rapid urease test a, another for culture and sensitivity.
The standard treatment for eradication of H. pylori is a combination regimen of clarithromycin, amoxicillin and proton pump inhibitor.
In this study high resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin have been reported to be 86.7% and 50%, respectively.
While resistance to amoxicillin was 20% however tetracycline and levofloxacin resistance was rare 13.3% and 6.7%, respectively.
Predictors for antibiotic resistance were either the body weight, endoscopic findings or abuse of antibiotics and metronidazole.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be done before initiating treatment; this would be beneficial for patient care and also cost effective.