الفهرس 
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Abstract
The ability of plant extract to prevent the initiation of free radicals that cause cellular damage was investigated in vitro. The examined plants i.e Jatropha carcus, Panax quinnquefolus, Cymbopogon citratus were extracted exhaustively using methanol (ME) and Ethyl acetate (EA). These compounds have reducing power and could be easily convert the oxidation form of iron from ferric (Fe+3) to ferrous (Fe+2). The reducing power capacity of the methanolic and Ethyl acetate extracts were significantly less than that of vitamin C. Total phenolic contents (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) were evaluated according to Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric assays, respectively. In this study, Methanolic extract of lemongrass proved to have the highest TPC while ethyl acetate extract of lemongrass was highest in TFC. Radical scavenging activities of examined plant extracts were tested against DPPH, ABTS, SOD and reducing power. The strongest free radical inhibition was demonstrated by methanolic extract against radical scavengers, DPPH and SOD in a dose-dependent on their IC50 value of 18.17 and 137 μg/mL, respectively.These results clearly indicate the beneficial effect of Jatropha carcus extracts as antioxidants and anticancer agents. Ginseng and both methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were tested in vivo as anticancer agents in three kind of tumor cell line to assess this effect. Antitumor cell line activity were determination ( Breast cancer, lung cancer and liver cancer ) were determined to follow up both the clinical status of the treated cell lines and the extent of response to treatment.The antimicrobial activities of the obtained extracts of the tested plant extracts and there nanoparticles(NPs) were evaluated against seven microorganisms .These activities were assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones and obtained diameter in which no growth observed were measured
The following results have been obtained:
Effect of plants extract on breast carcinoma cell line (MCF7) that by increasing the sample concentration, the inhibition % increase and the most effective concentration of the tested samples at 500 µg/mL against MCF7 cell lines. The methanolic extracts of lemon grass and Jatropha curcas FeNPs have the highest inhibition 66%. The smallest particle size of FeNPs of lemon grass extract declare the high inhibition % against MCF7 cell lines compared to the results obtained in case of ZnNPs of the same extract.
Effect of plants extract on lung carcinoma cell line (A549) tested samples exhibited potent anticancer activity against lung carcinoma cell line (A549). The plant extract of Jatropha curcas showed high activity at high concentration . Lemon grass extract and its nanomaterials exhibited high activity, although the particles size and their aggregation has no effect. The gensing ZnNPs showed better activity (72%) than those of gensing FeNPs. By comparing the IC50 values of the tested samples, it was found that gensing and its ZnNPs are the more potent samples in addition to Jatropha curcas FeNPs.Effect of plants extract on liver carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) results showed that the best anticancer activity was obtained using the high concentration of the tested samples (500 µg/mL) against HEPG2 cell lines. Again, Jatropha curcas extract and its FeNPs exhibited the highest activity. In case of lemongrass and ginseng extracts, it is preferred to use the extract directly than using the synthesized nano-materials. The IC50 value of Jatropha curcas extract is 239.40, is the more potent value against HEPG2 cell lines.
Transmission Electron Microscope characterization FeNPs and ZnNPs samples of Jatropha carcus plant extract were examined with TEM to confirm the presence of FeNPs and ZnNPs. The aggregated grains of FeNPs were synthesized regardless of which aqueous leaf extract was used. The size of the particles in case of FeNPs are 60.86 - 87.45 nm with the shape spherical shape (77.8%) and square shape (22.2%). ZnNPs had the higher average size of 105.83 nm and size distribution around 27.87- 105.83 nm than those obtained by FeNPs. ZnNPs are spherical in shape and have more aggregated grains using the Jatropha carcus extract.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of the examined plant extractsThe antimicrobial activities of the obtained extracts of the tested plant and there nanoparticles(NPs) were evaluated against seven microorganisms.These microbes were two bacteria strains i.e Staph. arueus and E.coli. Other five microbes were phytopathogenic fungal strains namely Fusarium oxysporum, Trichoderma longibachitum, Alteraria alternate, Penicillium digitatum and Clerotinia Sclerotiorum. Results proved that Lemongrass was superior to the other two plants either methanolic or ethyl acetate extracts as well as its aromatic oil in solid medium and liquid medium.