الفهرس 
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Abstract
The in vivo study was carried out on thirty females and males white albino rat. To evaluate the teratogenic potentials of dietary phytoestrogen in pregnant rats and their foeti at low and high doses during gestation period from day zero to day 20. Foeti of the high dose showed a significant decrease in body weight and crown rump length. Also, sever pathological changes were appeared in many organs such as cerebral cortex, spinal cord, lung, heart, liver in addition to sever delaying in skeleton ossification with shortening in the length of their bones. While the in-vitro study, mEBs were exposed to different concentrations of genistein and/or daidzein for 5 days and their proliferation and differentiation capacities were evaluated using RT-qPCR analysis. Our results confirmed that soy phytoestrogens had differential effects on regulation of apoptosis marker (Caspase-3), proliferation marker (Cdk6), pluripotency markers (Oct4, Rex1 and Nanog), mesoendodermal markers (Gata4, Foxa2, Sox17 and fgf5) as well as ectodermal markers (Nestin, Sox1 and Pax6) expression levels in the developing mEBs. The results indicated that soy isoflavones might disturb differentiation of mEBs suggesting that these phytochemicals may function via the estrogen related receptor β (ESRRβ)-mediated pathway. Entire results confirmed that exposure to a mixture of phytoestrogens present in soybean during the critical periods of development especially the prenatal period possessed a high risk not only on the animal but also on the human.