الفهرس 
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Abstract
Glaucoma is a term describing a group of ocular disorders with multi-factorial etiology united by a clinically characteristic intraocular pressure-associated optic neuropathy. Glaucoma is considered as the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Primary congenital glaucoma, the most common of the pediatric glaucomas. Glaucoma is characterized by a progressive optic neuropathy frequently associated with elevated intraocular pressure. Peripheral vision is typically affected first, but central vision can also be lost in the end stages of disease. Complete blindness can result from untreated or poorly controlled glaucoma. Although glaucoma can lead to permanent visual damage at any age, the consequences of the disease are more often severe in children because of the additional damage that can be done to developing visual system. In children one of the most common reasons for permanent visual loss from glaucoma is amblyopia, which can develop in addition to and secondary to an optic neuropathy, corneal clouding, large refractive error, or strabismus. Childhood glaucoma is a treatable disease, and significant visual loss can be prevented if condition is recognized early and proper management begun. Congenital glaucoma specifically refers to glaucoma that is present at birth, whereas the term infantile glaucoma includes cases of glaucoma that develop after birth during the first 2 to 3 years of life. These two terms are sometimes used interchangeably, but they should be differentiated because true congenital glaucoma has a much poorer prognosis than infantile glaucoma. Manifestations of elevated IOP in children can vary depending on age of onset and rate of pressure elevation. Gradually increasing pressure can result in little to no corneal clouding. Presentation with buphthalmos and/or symptoms of tearing, blepharospasm and photophobia are more common. In contrast, those children with acute pressure elevations present with corneal clouding. This finding can also be seen at birth. Firm tactile pressure in these cases can be apparent and helpful in differentiating other causes of corneal opacification. Obtaining IOP measurements in children is challenging. Congenital glaucoma is primarily managed surgically, with medical therapy playing only an adjunctive role.
Key Word: Glaucoma, Pediatric, Surgical, Intra ocular pressure