الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Membrane technology is an emerging technology frequently applied in water purification and can be a solution for dissolved organic, heavy metal and dissolved mono – divalent salts removal in water sources since membranes are designed to retain particles according to their pore diameter and other physical properties. This thesis demonstrates a better understanding of the fundamental aspects responsible for high contamination removal, modification of porous membrane and fouling development during filtration process. The fabricated membranes in this thesis can be divided to:- During dead end ultrafiltration blend polyethersulfone /polyacrylonitrile (PES/PAN) membranes with different PAN percents (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0). PES –M5 (1% PAN addition) had the highest rejection of humic acid (92.47) with the best permeate flux (70 l/m2.h). So, membrane with 1% PAN showed very good properties as UF membranes, in the next parts 1.5% &2.0% are used as porous support layer for the interfacial polymerization for improvement of membrane manufacture. Thin film composite membranes were prepared by interfacial polymerization with different ratios of piperazine in aqueous phase and ultra-sonicated isophthaloyl dichloride in hexane over the porous PES/PAN to fabricate TFCNF membranes using 1.5% PAN blend UF PES/PAN membrane previously prepared. The monomers ratio 1: 0.3: 0.3: 0.3 comprising of Piperazine: sodium hydroxide: dodysylsodium sulfate: isophthaloyl dichloride respectively with amine soaking time 40 min, interfacial polymerization time 10 min, annealing temperature 80ºC and curing time 10 min were greatly enhance flux and salt rejection of NF/RO TFC membrane. The percent of separation of the inorganic salts are in the order of 99.9, 97, 82, 72 for MgSO4, CaCl2, Na2SO4 and NaCl respectively. Porous 2% PAN blend PES/PAN membrane previously prepared is modified through incorporation of prepared ZA and MOFs in the PA layer. The Results showed that the optimum zeolite loading and MOFs were determined to be 0.1wt%. TFNC membrane filled with MOF2 increased salt rejection up to 96 higher than the pristine PA membranes with high permeability and high selectivity. Since, fouling is an important challenge that shall be overcome in order to implement membrane technology in large scale, that part of the thesis studied the effect of mixed phase of cerium oxide on the antifouling properties of PES membrane. The results showed that the optimum dose amount of cerium oxide in the casting solution is 1% wt., where acquire the fabricated membranes good mechanical properties, high separation, improving the morphology structure and high antifouling properties .The separation percentage of heavy metal solution reached to 98% and permeate flux was 2.5 L/m2∙h and 17 L/m2∙h at 5 bar and 20 respectively while increasing the percentage leads to unhomogeneity in membrane structure and bad separation percentage. |