الفهرس 
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as PV and wind energies in
electrical distribution systems has many technical and environmental advantages. But in
the other side the uncertainty nature of these sources is considered as one of the most
troubling problems which effect on the distribution systems. The uncertainty output
problem of the RES returns to its dependency on the climatic conditions which are
continuously varying. Varying the output of RES can cause voltage variation for the
distribution system which has a destructive effect on the system components and loads.
In this thesis, a proposed method is presented to solve the voltage variation
problem. In this line, a generalized backward-forward sweep load flow method is
developed to analyze balanced and unbalanced distribution systems, also uncertainty
models are presented to represent the uncertainty output of both PV and wind systems.
Reduction of RESs uncertainty impact is employed through bi-stage method. The 1st
stage depends on voltage-regulating devices such as voltage regulators, transformer tap
changers, and D-FACTS to control the system voltage. The optimal placement and
setting of the voltage regulating devices is considered as an optimization problem which
can be solved by optimization algorithms. There are many optimization algorithms such
as deterministic and heuristic algorithms. To test the effectiveness of the proposed
algorithm, a comparative optimization study is carried out between the proposed cat
swarm optimization algorithm and other well-known algorithms to get the optimal
placement and sizing of the distributed generation units in different distribution systems.
The results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared to other
algorithms.
In addition, the 2nd stage is dependent on adding a dispatchable distributed generation
(DDG) accomplished with the voltage regulating devices and determining their sizes and
locations using the proposed method. The proposed method is presented to obtain the
optimal scheduling of voltage regulating and DDG devices to achieve the lowest
uncertainty influence on the voltage fluctuations, keep the system voltages within the allowable limits and enhance the system performance. The proposed method is applied to
a real unbalanced IEEE 34-bus standard distribution test system. Satisfactory results
using the proposed method are obtained compared to other methods.