الفهرس 
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Abstract
The study included field and laboratory experiments. The laboratory experiments were conducted using rainfall simulator model (FEL3) to study the effect of rainfall intensity (5 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 40mm.hr-1), bulk density, slope factors (5%) and soil conditioners (ceramic, bokashi and coal ash) on soil loss and associated runoff under environment of soils at Wadi El-Raml and Wadi Magid, North Western Coast Zone of Egypt. Results of laboratory rainfall simulator reveal that the amount of both runoff and soil loss increased by increasing rainfall intensity for the two soils under study. Both runoff and soil loss from Wadi El-Raml soil was greater than that for Wadi Magid soil. The best rate of any soil conditioner for reducing the rate of runoff and soil loss is 80t.fed-1. The bokashi conditioner was more effective than ceramic or coal ash conditioners in reducing water erosion for all soil. Field experiments were conducted in 2015 – 2016 winter season, at wadi El- Raml area. Slope of the experimental site is about 5 percent in south – north direction. Thirty-three bounded plots having edges of soil with approximately 20 cm height were used to determine soil loss associated with runoff using Gerlash trough. The biological, straw and grain yield were recorded after growing season. Results of field study reveal that the average annual rainfall is 186.1mm. Eleven storms occurred, where six storms of them is effective (162.2mm) as they caused runoff and consequently soil loss, and represented about 87% of the total rain that fall. Runoff was reduced to 22.3% for traditional cultivation without conditioners as compared to bare soil. Using non- traditional conditioners, such as bokashi, ceramic or coal ash, with cultivation under environment of North Western Coast Zone of Egypt will combat the hazards of water erosion. The annual reduction in surface water runoff and soil loss reached 68 and 78%, respectively, with using bokashi conditioner at rate of 80t.fed-1 as compared to that for traditional cultivation without soil conditioners. The highest straw and grain yields (3785kg.fed-1) were obtained from adding Bokashi conditioner at rate of 80 ton/fed with cultivation; however, the lowest yields were obtained from cultivation without adding any conditioner (2085kg.fed-1). The net profit for using non-traditional soil conditioners with barley cultivation at any rate ranged from 1100 to 1950LE.fed-1 for cultivation with coal ash conditioner at rate of 80t.fed-1 and bokashi conditioner at rate of 20t.fed-1, respectively. Consequently, using non-traditional soil conditioners at any rate under rainfed conditions were found to be superior to the traditional agriculture systems. This is only a marginal benefit beside other benefits such as enhancing soil quality, reducing potential annual soil loss and conserving water under aridity conditions.
Keywords: North Western Coast Zone of Egypt, Water erosion, Non-traditional Soil Conditioners, Bokashi, Ceramic, Coal ash, Rainfall Simulator.