الفهرس 
HISTOLOGY OF THE SMALL INTESTINEOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury has many hazardous repercussions on viable tissues that may affect various systems in the body such as cardiovascular, urinary and digestive system.
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury leads to activated endothelial cells in the microcirculation that produce many harmful oxygen radicals, leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and release of inflammatory mediators such as platelet-activating factor and tumor necrosis factor. Moreover, an interrupted metabolism of endothelial cell-derived nitric oxide eventually leading microvascular dysfunction and cell injury that eventually may end up with cell death.
The present study aimed at elucidating the morphological and mineral alterations of the rat intestinal mucosa induced by intestinal ischemic/reperfusion injury. Moreover, comparing between the ameliorating effect of physical preconditioning and the chemical one produced by melatonin administration.
Seven groups of male adult rats, five rats each were used in the present study. group (I) was the control group, group (II) was the sham group, group (III) was subjected for thirty minutes ischemia, group (IV) was subjected for thirty minutes ischemia followed by a reperfusion for sixty minutes, group (V) represented the physical preconditioning, group (VI) was subjected to chemical pre-conditioning with melatonin , group (VII) was subjected to chemical post-conditioning with melatonin.
Summary
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The obtained ileal specimens were subjected to light microscopic study, Immunohistochemical study for apoptosis, scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersed X- Ray Analysis EDAX for detecting mineral alterations.
The histological study revealed that the mucosal injury index in groups (V), (VI) and (VII) decreased by 70%, 60% and 30% respectively compared to group (IV) indicating that these 3 modalities of intervention resulted in ameliorating the IR injury.
The Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that the apoptotic index % for each of the experimental groups (V), (VI) and (VII)) the programmed cell death decreased by 75%, 55% and 40% respectively compared to group (IV). Indicating that these 3 modalities of intervention resulted in ameliorating the intestinal mucosa IR injury.
Moreover, the most striking feature of the present investigation is the unique SEM descriptive details of ultrastructure of intestinal mucosa and its constituent cell types in all experimental groups including the 3 modalities of intervention of the IR injury.
On the other hand, the present work highlighted the intracellular mineral content changes of both enterocytes and goblet cells using EDAX in different experimental groups. Various elements such as sodium, potassium, calcium and moblydium were traced and the recorded changes in each group were discussed in relation to mechanism of intestinal reperfusion injury.