الفهرس 
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Abstract
Over the past 20 years MID has been promoted in the national and international dental literature. One of its principles is the enamel remineralization to arrest or reverse the IECL. This was enhanced by a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic caries process (balanced dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization).
Fluoride is considered the cornerstone in the enamel remineralization. The extensive use of fluoride, especially in young age, leads to an increased in the prevalence of dental fluorosis. In spite of that WHO reported that dental caries is still affecting 60-90 % of school children at the 21 St. century. Therefore, many dental researches were investigating the remineralizing effect of non-fluoridated and natural agents to find a more effective and safer alternative.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the remineralization effect of 2 types of natural agents (GSE, GA) and compare their remineralizing effect with that of fluoride on artificial enamel caries lesions of anterior primary teeth.
A total of forty eight teeth were selected and grouped. group A comprised of 32 teeth with (241.6-337.3) range of MH values and group B comprised 16 teeth for SEM - EDX examination. Each group was randomly divided into 4 subgroups, and then placed in demineralizing solution for 96 hours to produce artificial enamel caries lesions. The teeth were reexamined after caries formation by MH and SEM -EDX.
Subgroups were treated with the corresponding remineralizing agent under pH changes, to simulate the actual caries process.
Finally the teeth were examined once again by MH and SEM-EDX to assess the effect of the remineralizing agents used.
Summary
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The results of the present study revealed a significant decrease in MH values for all subgroups after demineralization. This was followed by a significant increase after remineralization for all subgroups where NaF and DDW showed the highest increase in mean MH values. While GA and GSE showed the lowest mean MH values. Regarding percent of change for (remineralization-demineraliztion) NaF,DDWand GSE showed a non-statically significant differences when compared to each other ,while GA showed the lowest significant value.
On SEM-EDX examination, regarding the mineral content all groups show a significant decrease in Ca and P content after demineralization with a significant increase after remineralization.
Measuring the mean C wt. % revealed that all groups have significant higher values after demineralization and significant decrease after remineralization with the highest decrease in GA and GSE subgroups
When surface morphology was studied NaF treated enamel surfaces showed the most surface recovery followed by GA, GSE, while DDW subgroup maintained the demineralized surface characteristics