الفهرس 
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Abstract
Atopic eczema is considered one of the topical skin diseases which are related to skin barrier abnormality that can be attributed to the deficiency in the skin lipids (ceramide, cholesterol and free fatty acids). Atopic eczematous skin is characterized by inflammation, erythma and xerosis. This disease is the focus of the present thesis as children are the most affected patients worldwide and also in several Egyptian governorates.
Treatment strategies include first-line basic treatment of bathing, wet wrap therapy and moisturizers application, followed by the second- line strategy in the active disease such as application of topical corticosteroids or topical calcineurin inhibitors. In the severe cases where the topical therapy fails, the systemic third-line strategy is needed.
It was found that several side effects were reported upon using the second and the third lines of treatment especially in case of infants and children, so seeking for a safer therapy is a matter of a great importance. As a result the moisturizers were selected to be developed to be used as an alternative therapy or an adjuvant one which help in relieving the disease severity in combination with other therapy.
<Different types of moisturizers were well known such as emollients, occlusives, humectants and rejuvenators. A new type of moisturizers, which was termed as prescription emollient devices, containing the naturally deficient skin lipids in case of eczematous skin were found promising and safer when compared with the other conventional types of moisturizers.
Many obstacles were found facing these skin lipid-containing moisturizers such as their hydrophobicity, instability and poor penetrability of skin surface to allow the organization of skin lipids in the interface between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum.
<In order to solve these problems, deformable lipid vesicles (transferosomes) was selected to incorporate the skin lipids in their bilayers where the lamellar structure resembles the organized stratum corneum lipids and provides the necessary hydrophilicity. The deformability of the lipid vesicles also guarantees the penetration through the skin pores and solves the problem of the instability that resulted from the high packing parameter of the skin lipids which harden their organization into lamellar structure.