الفهرس 
Phenotypic characterizationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
The present study was carried out at Maryout Research Station, Desert Research Center (DRC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation and in cooperation with the molecular genetics laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Egypt during the period from 2014 to 2016.
The objectives of this study are:
1- Evaluation of fresh semen characteristics (volume, concentration, pH, motility, density, color, dead %, abnormality % and acrosome reaction %) in male’s dromedary camels.
2- Identify expression-related molecular markers for fertility using differential display technique (detect mRNAs that are differentially expressed in season and out of season in male dromedary camels).
1- Fresh semen evaluation
Animal number (SH) exhibited increase (P<0.05) in sperm motility (85%) and viability (134.7 %), as compared to animal number (RL). On the other hand, animal number (SH) showed insignificantly increased in sperm motility (14 %) and viability (39.6 %), as compared to animal (SM). However, no significant differences were observed between the animals in ejaculate volume and pH. These results may indicate that animal number (SH) was the best animal in semen characteristics followed by animal number (SM). However, animal number (RL) was the lowest semen characteristics.
2- Comparative differential display
Peaks were selected as follows:
a- All over the year (changes in expression level).
After separated the results were 111 peaks then we exclude the non-significant peaks so the obtained peaks were 35 their marker type was (33 positive peaks and 2 negative peaks).
b- Seasonal (up or down regulation)
1- In the season:
19 up- regulated peaks: their marker type was 9 Up- positive regulated peaks, while a unique fragment showed to be negative marker (highly expressed in low prolific animals and vice versa).
2- Offseason
A unique fragment showed to be positive marker
from this study, it can be concluded that physiological screening of fresh semen which used in the present study revealed that the parameters for fresh semen evaluation were high in animal (SH) more than animal (SM) and animal (RL). Considering the results from biochemical genetic analysis for blood by fluorescent differential display (FDD) technique, it could be considered that this technique was very useful for the detection of similarity matrices within and among the studied animals the results showed that in the season case was 9 Up- positive regulated peaks, while a unique fragment showed to be negative marker and Offseason case a unique fragment showed to be positive marker , The previously introduced unidentified messenger RNA (UmRs) confirms that there is an physiological change . Although it is difficult to know the location and function of the expressed genes involved in the change, the differential display still offers a unique opportunity to unravel the genetic basis of dromedary camels. without known the whole genome sequences. There for future studies will use the DD primers that were used to amplify the detected expressed patterns can be directly used to construct a reduced representation complementary DNA library of dromedary camels, which would allow efficient sequencing of the unidentified related-genes by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology.