الفهرس 
CHAPTER I :LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary
Petroleum refining uses relatively large quantities of water. The quantity of wastewater generated and their characteristics depend on the process configuration. The aim of this work is to study the use treated refinery wastewater in land irrigation. The study deals with characterization of treated wastewater of Cairo Oil Refinery Co and its impact on certain physico-chemical characteristics of soil and on growth, and quality of different locally grown ornamental plants.
• Cairo Oil Refinery Co was selected to be the area of study, since it’s present in an urban area and consumes a huge amount of water in its process and gives about 650 m3/h of treated water that diluted with 6000 m3/h of cooling water.
• ornamental plants selection as Dracaena, Gerbera, and Durante.
• Selection mode of Irrigation
• Water samples were collected just before irrigation and were analyzed for the physico-chemical characteristics The parameters analyzed were pH, E.C., total dissolved solids, BOD, COD, N, P, K, Ca, Cl- , CO3 , HCO3 , SO4 , phenol, oil and grease and 16 PAH’s.
• The soil samples of the experimental plots were collected
before and after irrigation at sowing and at harvest of each crop. These samples were analyzed for standard physico-chemical properties The parameters analyzed were pH , T.O.C , EC , P , K , NO3 , Na , Mg , SO4 , Cl , CO3 , HCO3 , C.E.C , TDS. SAR
A detailed evaluation for the use of treated petroleum refinery wastewater in irrigation of different plants, vegetative growth, production, and chemical compounds were determined. The experiment was conducted for two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015 at the Floriculture Nursery under full sunlight conditions at Horticulture Research Institute, Ornamental Plants, and Landscape Gardening Research Department, Egypt using clay loam soil and 30 cm pots.
Gerbera jamesonii:
• The Highest plant height in harvest was observed for irrigation with treated wastewater at the first and second seasons respectively.
• The highest mean number of roots /plant in harvest was observed when plants irrigated with treated wastewater at the first and second seasons respectively.
• The highest mean flowers number / plant were noticed when plants irrigated with treated wastewater at the first and second seasons respectively.
• The highest mean flower diameters were observed when plants irrigated with treated wastewater at the first and second seasons respectively.
• The highest mean number of leaves / plant was observed when plants irrigated with treated wastewater at the first and second seasons respectively.
Dracaena marginata :
• The highest mean plant height was observed when plants irrigated with treated wastewater at the first and second seasons respectively.
• The highest mean number of roots /plant was found when plants irrigated with treated wastewater at the first and second seasons respectively.
• The highest mean numbers of leaves / plant was found when plants irrigated with treated wastewater at the first and second seasons respectively.
Duranta lemon
• The highest mean plant height in harvest was observed when plants irrigated with treated wastewater at the first and second seasons respectively.
• The highest mean number of roots /plant in harvest was observed when plants irrigated with treated wastewater at the first and second seasons respectively.
• The highest mean numbers of leaves / plant in harvest was observed when plants irrigated with treated wastewater at the first and second seasons respectively.
• The highest mean number of shrubs /plant in harvest was observed when plants irrigated with treated wastewater at the first and second seasons respectively.
The whole experiments showed that there were no significant differences on vegetative growth or the chemical composition and concentration of major and minor elements in all the used plants between different water sources.