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العنوان
Mitigation of Biochemical Changes Resulting from Naphthalene and Anthracene on Rats /
المؤلف
Fahmy, Rehab Hamdy Mohamed.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / Rehab Hamdy Mohamed Fahmey
مشرف / Nadia Youssef Sadek Morcos
مشرف / Hatem Mahmoud Samy El-Sebai
مناقش / Mohammed Reda Mohammed
تاريخ النشر
2016.
عدد الصفحات
175p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
الدكتوراه
التخصص
الكيمياء الحيوية ، علم الوراثة والبيولوجيا الجزيئية
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2016
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية العلوم - Environmental Sciences
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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from 175

Abstract

Summary
In recent years, efforts intensified in universities and research
centers to develop and encourage research related to the use of natural
compounds that prevent the toxic effects resulting from the use of
chemical compounds, among these compounds ”phytochemicals,”
multiple vitamins, and antioxidants.
The current study was designed to achieve the following
objectives; to elucidate the toxic effect of some commonly used
petroleum derivatives, and to study the protective effect of antioxidant
supplementations on the liver, kidneys, lungs, blood picture, and
oxidative stress.
The study is divided into two parts; part (1): Anthracene group.
Part (2): Naphthalene group
Part (1) Anthracene group (ATH)
After one week of acclimatization, animals (54 rats) were
randomly divided into 3 groups (18 rats/group). Each group was
subdivided into 3 subgroups (6 rats/ subgroup), according to the
experimental period (5, 12, and 24 weeks), where rats in each subgroup
were sacrificed after each period.
group I: Control group: Injected intramuscularly with sunflower oil only
(0.1ml) once/week through-out the experimental period (24 weeks), and
served as control, six rats were sacrificed after each period.
group II: Anthracene group (ATH): Injected intramuscularly with
anthracene 0.1 ml (2.2 mg/ml) once/week, through-out the experimental
period (24 weeks), six rats were sacrificed after each period.
group III: Treated Anthracene group (ATH + Vit): Injected
intramuscularly by anthracene 0.1 ml (2.2 mg/ml) once/week. Each rat
was given multivitamins + antioxidants mixture 0.1 ml (16.6mg/ml)
administered by gavage twice a week, through-out the experimental
period (24 weeks), six rats were sacrificed after each period.
Part (2) Naphthalene group
After one week of acclimatization, animals (36 rats) were
randomly divided into 3 groups (12 rats/group). Each group was
subdivided into 2 subgroups (6 rats/ subgroup), according to the
experimental period (10 and 30 days).
group IV: Control group: Saline was given to rats by gastric gavages
(0.1 ml) once /week for 30 days, six rats were sacrificed after each period.
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group V: Naphthalene group (NP): Naphthalene was administered to
each rat by gastric gavages at doses 0.1ml (7722 mg/ml) - once /week, for
30 days, six rats were sacrificed after 10 and 30 days.
group VI: Treated Naphthalene group (NP + Vit): Each rat received
naphthalene by gastric gavages at doses 0.1ml (2.77 mg/ml) - once /week.
Each rat received multivitamins + antioxidants mixture 0.1 ml (6171
mg/ml); administered by gavage, twice a week, according to the
experimental period (10 and 30days), six rats were sacrificed after each
period.
The target liver, kidney and lung tissues were excised for
histopathological examination. Blood collection from the eyes were used
for the biochemical analysis.
The results of the present study could be summarized as follows:
Biochemical results
The toxic effects of anthracene and naphthalene on the liver was
observed throughout the experimental periods, repeated anthracene
injections caused significant increased in liver enzymes ALT, AST,
T. Bilirubin, while T. Protein significantly decreased when compared to
control groups. Similar observations were found in rats given gastric
gavage napthalene doses. The toxic effects in both groups intensified with
the increase in the number of doses.
Repeated anthracene injections and naphthalene ingestions caused
significant increased in AFP and TAC, showing the highest levels at the
end of the experimental periods. Morover, the toxic effects of anthracene
and naphthalene on the kidney function markers (urea and creatinine)
was observed throughout the experimental period, showing maximum
levels with the highest doses.
The toxic effect of anthracene and naphthalene on the CBC was
observed throughout the experimental period, causing significant decrease
in RBC’s, and hemoglobin, together with an increase in platelets, when
compared to control groups. But WBC’s was significantly decreased only
after 5 weeks of tratment of anthracene.
Continuous supplementation with multivitamins and antioxidants
mixture ameliorated the the toxic effects of both anthracene and
naphthalene, causing normalization of all the markers studied.
Histopathology studying
Light micrograph of liver, kidney, and lungs of rats treated with
anthracene and naphthalene confirmed the results of the biochemical
analysis, which included:
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In the Liver: the main changes noted were degeneration and small
areas of necrosis in filtrated by mononuclear cells together with many foci
showing single cell dropout (individual cell necrosis).Congestion of portal
tracts and their infiltration by lymphoplasmacytic cells were also noted.
These changes aggregated by the end of the last weeks from treatments of
anthracene and naphthalene.
In the Kidney: hydropic degeneration and cloudy swelling of
proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) took place by the end of the 5 weeks
from treatment of anthracene and after 10 days from the treatment of
naphthalene. It was diffuse in 50% of the specimens and focal in 25%.
There degeneration changes were noted in all cases, with development of
degeneration and hyaline casts, by the end of the last weeks. Congestion,
inflammation and occasional edema of interstitial tissue were also
observed.
In the Lungs: interstitial pneumonitis was noted in 30% of
specimens examined after last treatment with either anthracene or
naphthalene.
Histological examination after supplementation with multiple
vitamins and antioxidant mixture exposed their protective effects against
anthracene and naphthalene, with significant decrease in pathological
changes, and normal architecture of liver lobules, less damage, less
cellular infiltration, and less degenerative changes in morphological
changes than those of anthracene and naphthalene treated group.
This means that treatment with multiple vitamins mixture provide
some protection against liver, kidney, and lungs congestion,
inflammation, and fibrosis caused by anthracene and naphthalene. This
may be due to their anti-oxidant and anti- inflammatory effects, which
reduce the formation, release, and activity of inflammatory mediators.
Conclusion
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) anthracene and
naphthalene, cause toxicities in the liver, kidney, and lungs of
experimental animals (rats). These toxic effects intensify with the increase
in the PAH doses. Continuous supplementation with commercial
multivitamins and antioxidant mixtures protected the animals from the
PAH toxicities