الفهرس 
List of contentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease that is characterized by several clinical manifestations and the appearance of multiple autoantibodies. Approximately 70–90% of SLE patients are female, and this chronic life threatening disorder, which affects a large population, has been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Although the etiology of SLE has been linked to multiple factors, which include genetic, hormonal, and environmental triggers, the molecular mechanisms underlying this systemic autoimmune response remain largely unknown. In recent years, free radical– mediated reactions have drawn considerable attention as the potential mechanism of the pathogenesis of SLE .The objective of this study was to estimate the role of T regulatory cells (Treg cells) in pediatric lupus nephritis and to estimate the role of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity. For this purpose; 50 children with lupus nephritis were selected to be investigated. The control group includes 25 healthy children. The patients divided into two subgroups according to renal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (rSLEDAI) into active LN patients (25) and inactive lupus nephritis patients (25). Results:The results showed significant increase in the mean levels of hemoglobin, ESR, CRP and Anti-ds DNA in LN patients as compared to control group.The surface markers CD122+ levels in blood and urine samples obtained from LN patients was significantly decreased as compared to healthy control group (p<0.01&<0.01). The surface markers CD4+ levels in blood and urine samples obtained from LN patients was significantly increased as compared to healthy control group (p<<0.01&<0.01). CD8+ levels in blood samples obtained from LN patients was significantly decreased as compared to healthy control group (p<0.01). The percentage of CD122+ cells among CD8+ lymphocytes levels in blood and urine samples obtained from LN patients was significantly decreased as compared healthy control group. The surface markers CD4+ CD25+ T cells (%) levels in blood samples obtained from LN patients was significantly decreased as compared to healthy control group (P<0.001).The CD4+CD25+FoxP3 levels in the blood samples obtained from LN patients was significantly decreased as compared to healthy control group (p<0.000. On the other hand, the results of flow cytometric analysis for surface markers CD4+Tcells levels in urine samples obtained from LN patients(active and inactive) was significantly elevated as compared to healthy control group (p<0.001and).TAC level in blood samples obtained from LN(group showed a significant decrease as compared to that of healthy control group (P< 0.000 and P< 0.001). On contrary,a significant elevation of MDA and NO level was observed in the blood samples obtained from the LN groupas compared to healthy control group (pP< 0.001 and <0.001). In conclusion:The data provide strong evidence that CD8+ CD122+T-cells migrate from the peripheral blood to the kidney and appear in the urine during LN flares. Therefore, CD8+ CD122+Tcells may be a useful monitoring tool in LN patients with renal involvement.