الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Hearing loss results from an interruption in the transmission of sound or subsequent nerve impulses in one or more areas of the ear and/ or the auditory pathway.
Children suffering from hearing loss usually present with delayed language development, intellectual and social problems so early fitting of children with suitable amplification devices has favorable effect on development of their speech and language.
Language is an arbitrary symbolic system that pairs sounds and signs to meaning. Language is divided into:
1. Phonology: The sound system of a language and the rules for combining these sounds to produce meaningful units of speech.
2. Morphology: Rules governing the formation of meaningful words from sounds.
3. Syntax: The structure of language.
4. Semantics: representing the content of language.
5. Pragmatics: representing the use of language.
Phonology is the study of sound systems of language, that is, the structure and function of sounds in that language.
Summary
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A phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit that can make a difference in meaning.
Hearing loss can be classified according to which part of the auditory system is affected in to:
Conductive hearing loss (CHL) occurs when there is a failure of normal propagation of acoustic energy through the conducting portions of the ear, which include the external auditory canal and the middle ear.
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs when there is damage to the inner ear (cochlea) or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain.
Mixed hearing loss occurs when hearing loss results from both CHL and SNHL.
Central hearing loss involve damage to the auditory cortex or brainstem nuclei.
Phonological processes in children with HI:
Phonological processes are systemic sound changes that affect a class of sounds or a sound sequence. These processes are regularly occurring in the child speech to simplify the adult targets. These processes have also been classified as being developmental or non- developmental (idiosyncratic).
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Phonological assessment:
By using Standardized tests: including
Arabic Articulation Test.
The Phonological Awareness Test.
Standardized Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing.
Phonological intervention:
A key aim of phonological intervention is to induce or facilitate change in child sound system by using proper remediation approaches.