الفهرس 
البناء الطبيعي و المكونات الزراعية كأساس للتنمية المحليةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Abstract
The construction industry consumes more than 40% of the global resources which are mostly un-renewable, along with being responsible for over 30% of the greenhouse gas emissions according to the United Nation Environment Estimations. The unmanaged extraction of un-renewable resources, fossil fuel- dependent manufacturing and poor disposal strategies cause continuous damaging to the environment and threaten the equilibrium of eco-systems. Moreover, economic costs of conventional building materials rise due to the unbalanced supply and demand of un-renewable resources. In addition to that, rural and poor communities employ wastes and junks as fast and cheap materials in order to build shelters. The result is un-safe and non-biodegradable construction that is toxic for man and environment.
Historically, builders in rural areas, coasts and oases depended on agro-components to build fast and cheap houses and public buildings. Therefore, the concept of Natural Building using agro-components rose as an international concept to develop poor societies from the inside. Building with natural materials encourages societies to build with their own hands using agro-components which they are familiar with in the form of small projects and handmade households, provides the sense of ownership and empowers them by being the true stakeholders of their houses. This leads to decreasing the economic costs, environmental impacts and enforcement of the social structure and culture. However, the knowledge gap lies within the absence of an integrated analysis of the various agro-component-based building elements in order to facilitate the decision making to choose the most suitable traditional technique to develop for contemporary uses.
Therefore, this thesis aims to determine the most flexible local agro-component -based building elements that can be developed to build fast, flexible, and cheap structures that can host various activities. These elements should be based on traditional techniques in order to facilitate the development and to guarantee ease of construction and predict social acceptance. This is made using comparative analysis between various traditional building techniques using agro-components.
In addition to that, this thesis aims to exploit the development of the most suitable agro-component-based building element to increase the efficiency and flexibility of the structures which can satisfy the social need of cheap, fast and easy construction techniques.
In order to achieve these aims, the thesis is divided to three main parts, the first is for the literature review, the second is for the analytical research, and the third is for the practical research.
First: Literature Review: including three chapters:
Chapter I: Natural Building and Agro-components as a base for local development
In this chapter, the unsafe construction in developing countries is reviewed in order to show the global attention to reconsider building using natural building materials, in order to solve the construction crisis in the developing countries and to find sustainable alternative that can preserve the ecosystems and decrease the demand of non-renewable resources. Therefore, agro-components are discussed as alternatives for traditional natural building materials such as clay, due to their lightness, flexibility and their familiarity with the society in Egypt. This qualifies agro-components to be the new tool for development from the inside based on the traditional heritage of using agro-components in small projects and handmade households.
Chapter II: characteristics of Agro-components in Egypt and their utilizing in housing and vernacular architecture in Egypt.
This chapter discussed the characteristics of the local and present heritage of utilizing of the most available agro-components in Egypt, which are: timber-straw-reed-date palm pruning residues, in structures and sheathing. Then, each building element is analyzed based on integrated criteria of the stakeholders in the industry of construction, thus analyzing the efficiency of these elements technically, environmentally, economically, and socially.
Chapter III: Utilizing of Agro-components in cheap construction globally.
This chapter discussed the characteristics of the global and present heritage of utilizing of the four agro-components in structures and sheathing. Then, each building element is analyzed based on integrated criteria of the stakeholders in the industry of construction, thus analyzing the efficiency of these elements technically, environmentally, economically, and socially.
Second: Analytical Research: including one chapter:
Chapter IV: Comparison between building elements utilizing Agro-components locally and globally
In this chapter, the development of the decision making systems in the field of choosing building materials is reviewed through the researchers’ efforts via various polls that were held to determine the interests of independent and Green Society Community-based construction stakeholders. These polls resulted in criteria with internal weighed indicators that can be used to grade every building material according to the Multi-Criteria Analysis system. These criteria were used to compare the previously discussed building elements to determine the most flexible agro component and the most suitable traditional building techniques that can be developed to build flexible, cheap, fast and easy structures.
Third: Practical Research: including one chapter:
Chapter V: Design & Development of flexible and fast building elements using the most suitable Agro-Components
This chapter focused on the previous attempts to develop the utilizing of the most suitable agro-component that was determined in the previous chapter. The traditional steps of preparation were discussed more deeply through the field visit to a local community that is familiar in using this agro-component. Then, new suggested building elements are designed, tested and analyzed to improve the efficiency and decrease the disadvantages of the most suitable agro-component-based building elements – that were determined in the previous chapter- in order to be used for contemporary flexible, fast and easy construction.
Conclusion and Recommendations
This research ended with a group of conclusions that were reached through the phases of the research, including integrated criteria to facilitate the decision making in choosing natural building materials. In addition to that, the criteria were proven to be useful, as the resultant most flexible agro-component and the most suitable traditional agro-component-based building element were successfully developed in this thesis to increase the efficiency of the systems. The developed structural building element was tested and analyzed and found to be successful to cover up to 12 m. The developed sheathing building element was designed and executed and found to be practical and industrially efficient.
The recommendations include further researches for the development of the suggested building materials, as well as exploiting the structural abilities and durability of the agro-component-based building elements. In addition to this, this research recommended that the agro-component-based building elements that passed the criteria can be added to the governmental building codes in rural areas, coasts and oases.