الفهرس 
Introduction
Normal Gas ExchangeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In mammals the gas exchange surfaces are the lungs, which develop in the embryo from the gut wall. The larynx is formed from cartilage, connected to the trachea - a flexible tube held open at all times by incomplete rings of cartilage. The trachea divides into the left and right bronchi which then enter the lungs and continue to divide forming the narrower bronchioles, which are surrounded by circular smooth muscle fibres. At the ends of the bronchioles are groups of alveoli or air-sacs. It is in the alveoli that gas exchange actually occurs.
Aim of this study was to assess pattern of gas exchange in different pulmonary diseases.
Mean of age of our study group was 56 years, with SD 12 years, and range from 20 to 72 years, 68% of our study group were males, only 32% were females.
Around half of our patients (44%) were farmers, 68% of our study group were from rural areas, and only 32% were from urban areas.
In our study 38% of patients were x smokers, 24% were heavy smokers, and 28% were non smokers, only 20% had bird breeding, and 80% not had bird breeding.
We found that 10% of our patients had IPF, 12% of our patients had ILD, 76% of our patients had RF, 64% of our patients had IE, only 6% of our patients had hypersensitivity pneumonitis, only 2% (1 patient) had pulmonary elbolism, also only 3 patients (6%) had acute severe asthma, and 3 patients (6%) had DM, 2 patients (4%) had HTN. Our patients had different X ray findings and more was signs of hyperinflation and bilateral diffuse reticulonodular shadow. Regarding investigations we reported that mean of oximetry PA was 76.8% (SD 10.7), mean of oximetry VM was 33.3% (SD 2.9), mean of oximetry SPO% was 90.5 (SD 3.2), and mean of pH was 7.3 (SD 0.04).
Regarding blood gases we found that mean of PCO2 was 54.9 (SD 18.22), mean of PO2 was 62.3% (SD 6.01), mean of HCO3 was 27.9 (SD 6.1), and mean of BE was 3.6 (SD 0.87), and mean of SPO2 was 90.1 (SD 4.23).
Regarding respiratory functions: mean of FEV1/FVC was 68.5% (SD 15.1), mean of FEV1was 1.23% (SD 0.68), mean of FEV% was 43.4 (SD 16.5), mean of FVC was 1.71 (SD 0.78), and mean of FVC% was 50.3 (SD 15.1), mean of PEF was 3.7% (SD 1.9), mean of PEF% was 49.4% (SD 15.1), mean of TLC was 100.1 (SD 24.3), and mean of DLCO was 71.9 (SD 10.3).