الفهرس 
Scope of the thesisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The morphological characters of the whole plant, lamina
epidermal characters (LM & SEM), lamina vein architecture as
well as molecular data (ISSR) of 19 wild and cultivated taxa of the
Polygonaceae were investigated. These taxa represent nine genera
viz. Antigonon, Coccoloba, Emex, Muehlenbeckia, Persicaria,
Polygonum, Rumex, Ruprechtia and Triplaris were collected from
different phytogeographical Egyptian regions and botanical
gardens. Plumbago auriculata Lam was designed as an outgroup
for phylogenetic analysis. The cumulative tables and colored plates
are designed to illustrate the similarities and dissimilarities to
provide a full identification of the studied taxa of Polygonaceae.
Ten primers were selected amplify ISSR based on
polymerase chain reaction. The ten primers were successfully
generated reproducible polymorphic products. The primers are
ISSR 1, ISSR 2, ISSR 4, ISSR 5, ISSR 6, ISSR 7, ISSR 8, ISSR 9,
ISSR 15 and ISSR 18. The fingerprints generated by these primers
revealed characteristic profiles for each taxon.
The data obtained from the morphological and molecular
attributes (289) of the investigated taxa were subjected to the
numerical analysis to produce the dendrogram and comparing it
with the current systems of taxonomic classification. The results
illustrated that the taxa investigated were split into four subgroups(SG 1, SG 2, SG 3 & SG 4), five groups (Ga, Gb, Gc, Gd & Ge)
two clusters (C1 & C2) and two main series (SI & SII).
The clustering of Antigonon, Coccoloba and Muehlenbeckia in
the present study support their traditional placement in tribe
Coccolobeae (Bentham & Hooker, 1880; Dammer, 1893; Gross,
1913; Haraldson, 1978 and Brandbyge, 1993). On the other hand,
Meissner (1856), Perdrigeat (1900) and Roberty & Vautier (1964)
and APG (2009 & 2016) distribute them into more than tribes and
subfamilies.
The segregation of Muehlenbeckia platyclada (previously
known as Homalocladium platycladum) as a distinct identity in the
present study support previous authors who included
Homalocladium platycladum in Muehlenbeckia (Meisner 1865;
Bailey, 1929; Brandbyge, 1993; Sanchez et al., 2009 and Schuster,
2011).
The placement of Ruprechtia species with Triplaris
confirms that they were previously placed in the same tribe
Triplarideae or subtribe Triplareae (Meissner, 1856; Bentham &
Hooker, 1880; Dammer, 1893; Gross, 1913; Roberty & Vautier,
1964; Haraldson, 1978 and Brandbyge, 1993) and in the same
subfamily Eriogonoideae (APG, 2009 & 2016).
Emex, Rumex and Polygonum are clustered together in
accord with Roberty & Vautier (1964), Haraldson (1978),
Brandbyge (1993) and APG (2009 & 2016) where they were
included in the same subfamily Polygonoideae while the most
current taxonomic systems distribute them in different subfamilies,
tribes and subtribes.
Persicaria segregated as a distinct genus away from
Polygonum in agreement with the morphological and anatomical
studies carried out by Gross (1913), Clapham et al. (1962), Roberty
& Vautier (1964), Coode & Cullen (1965), Graham & Wood
(1965), Haraldson (1978), Brandbyge (1993) and Kim &
Donoghue (2008 a).
The morphological and molecular character states (193) were
subjected to the phylogenetic analysis using WinClada-NONA 1.6
software to produce the cladogram and comparing it with the
current systems of taxonomic classification.
The results indicate that Polygonaceae has five major lineages
viz. Muehlenbeckia lineage (M. platyclada, Emex spinosa and
Rumex pictus), Ruprechtia lineage (R. salicifolia, Triplaris
cumingiana, R. apetala and R. laxiflora), Coccoloba lineage (C.
peltata, C. uvifera, Antigonon leptopus and Muehlenbeckia
complexa), Rumex lineage (R. vesicarius, Polygonum patulum and
Rumex dentatus subsp. dentatus) and Polygonum lineage (P.equisetiforme, Persicaria senegalensis, P. lapathifolia, P.
decipiens and P. lanigera).
It is concluded that there is a support for monophyly of some
lineages viz. Emex spinosa belongs to tribe Rumiceae which is
strongly supported as monophyletic by Sanchez (2011), Triplaris
cumingiana, Antigonon leptopus, Coccoloba and Persicaria and a
sister-group relationship between some others (Emex spinosa &
Rumex pictus), (Ruprechtia salicifolia & Triplaris cumingiana),
(Ruprechtia apetala & R. laxiflora), (Coccoloba peltata &
Coccoloba uvifera), (Antigonon leptopus & Muehlenbeckia
complexa), (Rumex dentatus sub dentatus & Polygonum patulum)
and (Persicaria lanigera & P. decipiens). On the other hand it is
revealed that the genera Rumex, Muehlenbeckia, Ruprechtia and
Polygonum is not monophyletic group.