الفهرس 
Effect of some wheat varieties on biological aspects of some stored products insectsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 253 |  |  |
| | | from | 253 | | |
Abstract
Part I:
The susceptibility of certain varieties of wheat to
infestation with the Khabra beetle, Trogodrma granariun
as well as the biological aspects of the insect when bred on
the tested varieties. All trials were carried out 35 oc and
65±5 R.H.
The varieties of wheat grains tested were:
Gamiza 7, Giza 168, Sakha 93, Sohag 3, Seds 12 and Benswaif 4
The main results obtained are as follows:
1-Susceptibility studies:
The most preferred varieties for T.granarium were Benswaif 4 wheat and the least susceptible were Giza 168 wheat.
1-1-Degree of infestation with Trogoderma granarium
(adult) between the different varieties:
The highest and lowest grain damage were sustained
by the varieties Beni-swaif 4 and Giza 168 which was
87.66% and 47.54% resp. In non-choice test, meanwhile it
was 79.74% and 44.555% in free-choice test.1-2-:Determination of weight loss of wheat grains
varieties infested with Trogoderma granarium
(choice& non choice):
Wheat varieties differed significantly in
percentage weight loss. Beni-swaif 4 variety had the
highest weight loss(19.8% and 25%) in free choice and
non choice tests respectavily.while ,the lowest weight
loss Giza 168 (10.2%) and Sed 12 (5.3%) varieties at
two previous tests.
1-2-1- weight loss of wheat grains varities infested
with Trogoderma granarium(3rd instar)
The highest perecentage grains weight loss was
recorded for Beni-swaif 4 variety (21%) followed by Sohag
3 (15.7%) while, Giza 168 and Seds 12 varieties were
recorded the minimum of weight loss percentage (5.0 and
5.3 % resp.).
1-3-Oviposition preference of Trogoderma granarium
between the different varieties(Mean number of egg):
It is apparrent that there were differences among the
varieties for oviposition preference on beni- swaif 4 and
Gamiza 7 which received the highest number of eggs. The
mean number of eggs laid on Beni- swaif 4 variety was
116 and 132 eggs in non and free choice method
respectively .Meanwhile, In case of (Giza 168) there the
least acceptable food for eggs laying ,since the meannumber of eggs laid were 80.0 and 48.75 eggs at non and
free choice respectively .
1-4-Role of wheat varieties on mean number of
hatchability :
Egg hatchability (%) ranged between 97.42 on Beniswaif 4 and 81.9 on giza 168 in non-choice test meanwhile,
it was 95.63 and 88.53 in the two previous varieties in freechoice test resp.
Results of free-choice and non-choice tests pointed
to that, Beni-swaif 4 was more preferable to Trogoderma
granarium while Giza 168 was least preferred to insect.
1-5-_The whole developmental period of Trogoderma
granarium on different varities
In non-choice method, data revealed on that ( beniswaif 4) and ( Gamiza7), since the mean developmental
period was 64.6 and 64.2 days respectively , while the
shortest ( 58.0) was recorded on (Giza 168).
In free-choice method, It is clear that there is a great
variation among the cultivars for MDP .The shortest
duration recorded was 52.6 days on (beni swaif 4) ,while
the longest period 63.0 days in (Giza 168) .
1.6. Mean number of progeny:
Beni-Swaif 4 and Gamiza7 were the most susceptible
wheat varieties. These varieties were general more
preferred to progeny of insect to in free choice method,
meanwhile, Bani-Swaif 4 and Sohag 3 gave the mostpreferred to progeny of insect in non-choice test. While
(Giza 168) and (Sakha 93) were the least in this respect.
1-7- Dobie index (D .I) of tested wheat varities after
infestation by Trogoderma granarium
Beni-swaif 4 variety was the most susceptible variety,
since its DI recorded (3.3% and 3.7%) in non-choice and freechoice tests.
The remaining varieties were least susceptible,since,
the recorded DI vaules 2.6% and 3.0% for Giza 168 and
Sohag 3 varieties in non-choice and free-choice tests resp.
1-8- Detremination of chemical characters of tolerant
and susceptible varieties
Chemical components of grain varieties indicated
that feeding activity of Trogoderma granarium larvae on
Beni-swaif4 variety results in significant increase in lipids
and crude fiber. Results marked also that the highly
susceptible of (Beni-swaif 4) variety resulted in significant
decreases in total carbohydrates and proteins. Meanwhile,
the results proved that (Giza 168) variety gave an increase
in total carbohydrates and protein, also, decreases in lipids
and crude fibre in previous resistant variety. Part II:
The current study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal
activity of some natural materials for the control of the
Trogoderma granarium (adult and larvae) infestation on
wheat grains. The materials used in this study are
Emamactin benzoate, silica gel, Moringa oil and jojoba oil
.Emamactin benzoate is higher toxic to T.granarium
therefore selected for further studies i.e.
1- The persistence of their insecticidal efficiency.
2- Effect on reproductive potential number of deposited
eggs and number of emerged adults.
3- Effect on some content of main metabolites and the
activity of some enzymes.
4- Effect on water absorption and germination of treated
wheat grains.
The following is a brief summary on the obtained results
findings and observation:
1-Insecticidal efficiency of treated matarials on
T.granarium adults and larvae:-
The obtained data indicate that the adults and larvae
mortality increased with increasing concentrations of
Emammctin benzoate,silica gel,Moringa oil and Jojoba oil
and with increasing exposure time, i.e. a potential linear
relationship between the concentrations and percentages
mortality exists. The toxicity values of the tested matarials
were arranged according to LC50 values in the following
order:
Moringa oil< Jojoba oil < Silica gel < Emamactin benzoate.2-Residual activity of the tested treatments on
Trogoderma granarium adults and larvae after different
storage periods:-
-The tested compounds Persistence activity gradually
decreased with extension of storage period .25 weeks for
emamactin benzoate in adult stage and 17 weeks for larvae,
29 weeks for silica gel in adult stage and 24 weeks for
larvae, 31 weeks for jojoba oil in adult and 24 weeks for
larvae and 27 weeks for moringa oil in adult but in larvae
18 weeks.
3-The effect of four tested materials on reproductive
Potential of Trogoderma granarium adults:-
- Effect of four tested materials prevented the number of
egg laid by T.granarium except in silica gel which recorded
a few number of egg laying at LC50 &LC95 values (60,16)
eggs. All treatments that cause the non-egg laying, have not
shown any adults ie.100%, silica gel showed a reduction in
adult emergency.
4-Biochemical studies:-
Results were carried out after treatment of the pest
with LC50 values of the four tested materials.
1- The four tested materials, caused significant decrease in
the total proteins contents of Tgranarium adults and larvae,
compared with control.
2- Emamactin benzoate insecticide caused decrease in the
activity of trehalase,invertase and amylase enzymes in adults of T.granarium. but,in larvae emamactin benzoate,
caused increase in the activity of amylase and a decrease
the activity of trehalase,invertase. Silica gel caused increase
in the activity of trehalase enzyme and a decrease in the
activity of invertase and amylase enzymes in adult. While
in larvae caused increase in the activity of invertase
enzyme and a decrease in the activity of trehalase and
amylase enzymes. Jojoba oil caused increase in the activity
of trehalase,invertase and amylase enzymes in adults of
T.granarium. but,in larvae caused decrease in the activity
of trehalase enzyme and caused increase in the activity of
invertase and amylase enzymes. Moringa oil caused
decrease in the activity of trehalase,invertase and amylase
enzymes in adults of T.granarium. but,in larvae caused
decrease in the activity of invertase enzyme and caused
increase in the activity of trehalase and amylase enzymes
compared to control.
3-Emamactin benzoate caused decrease the activity acid
phosphatase enzyme and the alkaline phosphatase enzyme
in the body of the tested insect adult and larvae .Silica gel
benzoate caused decrease the activity acid phosphatase
enzyme and increase the activity the alkaline phosphatase
enzyme in adult but, in larvae caused increase the activity
acid phosphatase enzyme and decrease the activity the
alkaline phosphatase enzyme . Jojoba oil caused increase
the activity acid phosphatase enzyme and the alkaline
phosphatase enzyme in the body of the tested insect adult
while, in larvae caused decrease the activity acid
phosphatase enzyme and the alkaline phosphatase enzyme.
Moringa oil caused decreases the activity acid phosphatase
enzyme and the alkaline phosphatase enzyme in the body
of the tested insect adult and larvae compared to control.4-Effect of four tested materials on seeds viability:-
Three of treatments (emamactin benzoate, moringa
oil and jojoba oil) in this investigation affect the
germination and water absorption of the wheat seeds at
initial treatment and also after storage period, but silica gel
did not affect the germination and water absorption of the
wheat seeds at initial treatment and also after storage
period.