الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this work is the preparation of activated carbon from date palm pits as example for agricultural by product in Egypt and the its utilization in the removal of some organic and inorganic impurities from water. Non-activated carbon ”C” was obtained by carbonization of date palm pits at 600 oC in the absence of oxygen , whereas ”HC” sample prepared by treating the date palm pits with sulfuric acid at 180 oC, Also three activated sample CP212,CP214 and CP124 were prepared by soaking date palm pits in phosphoric acid for two and four days(represented by first right digits) and the ratio of phosphoric acid: date palm pits was (2:1 and 1:2) and these samples were carbonized at 550oC in absence of oxygen. Another two samples CZ212 and CZ214 were prepared by soaking date palm pits in zinc chloride for two and four days (represented by first right digits) and the ratio of zinc chloride: date palm pits was (2:1). The samples were carbonized at 550 oC in absence of oxygen. Three additional activated carbon samples CN12, CN13 and CN14 were prepared by soaking carbonized sample ”C” in sodium hydroxide and followed by carbonization at 750 oC in absence of oxygen with ratio of carbonized weight: NaOH weight 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 respectively. The investigated carbon samples were thermally characterized to determine the weight loss, ash content. The surface area, pore size and total pore volume were determined by using the adsorption- desorption isotherm of nitrogen and carbon dioxide at boiling point (-196 and 0 oC, respectively). The porosity of the investigated carbons was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy. Also, chemical characterization was applied by determination the pH of sulury, point of zero charge and FT-IR spectra. The adsorption of methylene blue, phenol and 2, 4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid was followed by using uv/ vis spectrophotometer. The adsorption of pb2+ and Cu2+ from water was also determined by using atomic absorption spectrophemter. from the previous results it can concluded that : 1- The carbonized date palm pits sample (C) characterized by lower surface area (3.4 m2/g) and total pore volume VP about 0.003 cm3/g suggesting that carbonization generate poorly developed porous structure, while for activated sample with sulfuric acid ”HC” it characterized by higher adsorption for the pollutants due to formation of carbon oxygen function groups. 2- Activated samples with H3PO4, ZnCl2 and NaOH characterized by high surface area, total pore volume, micropores volume and non-micro pore surface area by about 137 fold as average value (446/3.4). The last results show that, these activating agents can permeate into the biomass structure and breaking organic molecule to small molecule, after that the small molecules are liberated and tiny pores were obtained.