الفهرس 
الإستعراض المرجعييوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
المستخلص
Specialists in the global economy is that Saudi Arabia is a leader in the
export of products and commodities and import countries and its
economic history of strong, well-established tradition in the depths of
international trade, and gained the Saudi trade with the passage of time
attributes and features unique and specificities, as there is in the Kingdom
of diverse trade and global in nature, and represent a key element in the
structure of its national economy, and Saudi Arabia’s commercial and
economic interests and wide-ranging, and a proven track record in the
field of global economic cooperation. As they share with many Arab and
regional countries in the world in the interests of which requires openness
and enhance trade opportunities within the framework of a real
partnership, and led the accession of many of the agreements which are
based on mutual benefits and sharing the fruits of cooperation under the
concept of interdependence between the international members of the
family, As Saudi Arabia translated its commitment to economic freedom
by adopting a series of policies and development plans and programs to
make room for the private sector to contribute to the expansion of the
economic base, and diversify income streams, and human resources
development, and raising the efficiency of the Saudi economy and
strengthen its capacity.
Trade system is influenced in Saudi Arabia by two factors, namely:
First: the economic interests of the state in determining the type and
swap deal.
Second: the nature of the conditions of the Kingdom in this era of time.
In this sense the study focused on research in the demand for rice imports
to Saudi Arabia because it represents the importance of the consumer and
that the increasing demand in recent years.
The Republic of India, the Republic of Pakistan, the United States of
America, Thailand, and the Arab Republic of Egypt, and Australia, are
more countries exporting rice to the Kingdom, and occupied India at the
forefront in the supply of rice acquisition of 68.54% of the Kingdom’s
imports, followed by the Pakistan by 11% then the United States
increased by 9.38%, Thailand and came by 8%, then Egypt and Australia
increased by 1.54%, 1.49% respectively during the period (2003 -2012
m). The study aims mainly to identify the determinants of the demand for rice
in Saudi Arabia, the price of the biggest exporters of rice to Saudi Arabia
states relations, Saudi predict demand for rice to the year 2020.
The study relied on time-series data, and chains CT, has been used in
various published and unpublished statistical data issued by many
agencies such as: Department of Statistics in Saudi Arabia, the Arab
Organization for Agricultural Development (Yearbook Arab agricultural
statistics), Food and Agriculture Organization Nations United FAO, as
well as some studies and research on the subject of study.
The study used statistical models, the most important regression analysis,
linear programming, simultaneous equations.
In order to achieve the objectives referred to the study it consisted of
three main sections.
Part One Reference theoretical framework parade through the two first
chapter Reference which dealt with the most important studies and
research, which focused on studying the foreign trade of rice, agricultural
commodities and other analytical models used in Saudi Arabia review, as
well as studies related to foreign trade of rice in the other and most
important of the Arab Republic of Egypt states, and Chapter II the
theoretical framework of demand and consumption concepts in addition
to the theoretical part of the analytical methods and models used in the
study.
The second section production and foreign trade dealt in the world where
it reviewed the most important production and consumption and export
indicators of the rice crop in the world, eat the contribution of each of
them in the global production of this crop, also deals with the world’s
consumption of rice, the main consumption areas in the world. In addition
to addressing the development of the World Trade rice crop and the
biggest exporters of rice in the world and the most important importing
countries him.
It is useful to recognize these indicators so that it can stand on its size and
the adequacy of production to consumption, in addition to identify the site
Arabia of global conditions during the two are the first chapter the current
status of the most important producer of rice in the world in terms of
production and space and productivity of rice crop in the world and in
especially the most important producers of this crop, also includes a
chapter assessing the general trend of production and productivity of rice and space in the world. Increased global area of rice from 149 million
hectares in 1995 to 164.7 million hectares in 2013, and increased global
production of 544.67 million tons in 1995 to 745.71 million tons in 2013,
global production and Asda per hectare from 3.64 tonnes / ha in 1995 to
4.53 tonnes / ha in 2013. With the amount of world exports amounted to
only lower in 1996 where amounted to about 19.61 million tons, while
the maximum was about 36.26 million tons in 2011, and it turned out the
fluctuation of world exports of rice value from year to year during the
study period and reached a minimum in 2005, reaching about 6503.23
million dollars, the maximum it was in 2011, reaching about 23 187
million dollars, but for the average unit value is noticed that it amounted
to the minimum extent in 2002, reaching about $ 244.63 per ton, the
maximum it was in 2008, reaching about $ 678.66 per ton affected by
rising prices worldwide and the global food crisis, and estimates the
equation general time trend of the evolution of both the quantity and the
value of world exports of rice turns out it takes years a growing trend
statistically significant.
The biggest exporters of rice in the world is Thailand, India and the
United States and Vietnam, where the amount of exports were 5.59
million tonnes to Thailand increased by 24.4% and 12% of the Republic
of India over the average period (1993 -1998 m). The same states Ali has
maintained her lead to the most important exporting countries, and
exports were about 7.72 million tons to Thailand increased by 29.2% and
14.4% of the United States of America during the average period (1999 -
2004 m). And continued the same countries in maintaining at the top of
the biggest exporters of Pakistan with the entry of the main exporting
countries were exports about 8.92 million tonnes to Thailand increased by
28.1% and 17.6% of the Republic of India over the average period (2005
-2011 m).
The most important markets for imported rice in the world is Indonesia,
China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Philippines, where the amount of
imports came 623 000 tons to Saudi Arabia by 2.9% over the average for
the period (1993 -1998 m). Indonesia has maintained its importance in the
importing countries, followed by Nigeria, Bangladesh, Iraq, the
Philippines and Saudi Arabia as the most important importing countries,
but according to their positions for the first period, while the amount of
imports amounted to about 1740.32 thousand tons for Indonesia.Increased by 6.76% over the average for the period (1999 -2004 m).
Considered as the Philippines, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq as the
most important importers of rice in the world 1141.26 thousand tons to
Saudi Arabia increased by 3.73% over the average for the period (2005 -
2011 m).
Part Three of the study dealt with the economics of rice consumption in
Saudi Arabia through five chapters.
Chapter one: review the relative importance of imports of agricultural
commodity groups in Saudi Arabia during the period (2007 -2011 AD), to
show how important these groups, as well as the statement of the
importance of rice imports between the various commodity groups, and it
became clear from this chapter that the grain group is at the forefront of
those goods average 3639 million dollars, which represents about 22% of
the average imports of main commodities groups, rice represents about
23% of the grain imports group with an average value of imports
amounted to about 1094 million dollars.
Chapter two: deals with the evolution of rice imports in Saudi Arabia in
terms of quantity, value and price, which turned out to be quantitative
relatively unsteady and destined to increase during the study period,
reaching about 576.6 thousand tons in 1993 and then fell to about 433.6
thousand tons in 1994, to reach a maximum to about 1428.5 thousand
tons in 2014, and the annual growth rate was about 1.55%. The total
Saudi imports of rice value its lowest value in 1994 the value of $ 856.1
million riyals, and reached its maximum value 2014 worth 6635.1 million
riyals, an annual growth rate of about 1.77% during the study period. The
study found that the price of Saudi imports of rice reached its lowest
value which is about 1795 riyals in 2001 until it reached a maximum of
approximately SR 4645 in 2014, an average of about $ 672.12 during the
study period, and the annual growth rate was about 3.87%.
The third chapter dealt with the current situation of foreign trade of rice
in Saudi Arabia. The large area of the Kingdom led to multiple and
different patterns of food consumption and the behavior of consumers in
the region to another. where we find that this has led to differing
preferences of different types of rice, but the rice which highlighted the
convergence of good demand in the Saudi market types are:
• Indian basmati rice three types (Mezze, white, long-grain) and
represents almost 73% of the market.• Amber Pakistani rice (Alepeshaora) and its stake up to 10.6%.
• American rice, its stake up to 7% of the volume of demand.
Thai rice and the share of about 5%.
• Australian rice rate of up to about 1.7%.
Hence this chapter is interested in studying the development of rice
imports in Saudi Arabia in terms of the relative importance of exporting
countries during the period (1993 -2014).
The study in the fourth quarter the price of the most important exporting
to Saudi Arabia, countries relations of rice in terms of the relationship
between the Indian rice and the prices of the most important exporting
countries within the Saudi market price and the impact of the price of rice
Indian at these prices during periods of study, the first period (1993 -
2005), and the second period (2006 AD -2014 m) and show them that the
lack of a moral relationship between the Indian rice and the prices of
imported rice price of individual countries during the first period of the
study, which is the pre-accession of Saudi Arabia to the World Trade
Organization and moral relationship between the Indian price and the
price of imported rice from individual countries in the period The second
study, which represents Saudi Arabia’s accession to the World Trade
Organization, and it turned out that this chapter of import prices and
import quantities from the rest of the countries affected by the price of
import from India.
Study the demand for rice in Saudi Arabia determinants been using the
simultaneous model also predicted the amount of imports until 2020, it is
clear from this chapter that the most important determinants demand rice
in Saudi Arabia is the average per capita and the price of Indian rice,
customs and traditions import (the amount of import in the previous year,
the study also made clear in this chapter that the amount of the Saudi
import projected 2020 rice 1624 tons).