الفهرس 
Effect of photosensitizer on insectsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of
rose bengal, eosin yellow lactone and methyene blue on the adult house
fly, Musca domestica. The most effective dye, rose bengal was used to
evaluate the biochemical and ultrastructural effects on the adult M.
domestica.
The obtained results can be summarized as followed:
1. Toxicological studies
1.1 Insecticidal activity against adults of house fly, M. domestica:
Results revealed that rose bengal is the most effective dye followed
by eosin yellow lactone, then methylene blue. The LC50
value of adults
house fly fed on rose bengal was 8 x 10
-5
M, while for eosin yellow
lactone was 7 x 10
-4
M and for methylene blue was 1x 10
-3
M. On the
other hand, the LC
95
value for rose bengal was 7x10
-6
M, while for eosin
yellow lactone was 4x10
-3
M and for methylene blue was 5x10
-3
M.
1.2 Photosensitization process to control adult house fly, M. domestica
The LT
50
values of the lowest concentrations of rose bengal, eosin
yellow lacton and methylene blue were 3.06, 4.2 and 7.4 hrs,
respectively. On the other hand, the LT50
values of the highest
concentrations were 0.4, 1 and 1.34 hrs for rose bengal, eosin yellow
lacton and methylene blue, respectively. This indicates that rose bengal is
the most effective, followed by eosin yellow lactone and methylene blue.
2- Biochemical studies
2.1 Quantitative analysis
Biochemical analysis of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids of adult
M. domestica treated with sub-leathal dose (LC
50
) of the most effective compound, rose bengal resulted in increase in total carbohydrate content
and reduction in total protein and lipid content. Total carbohydrate
content increased to 136.33 mg/dl in treated sample of adult house fly as
compared with 69.33 mg/dl in the control, but this did not represent a
significant difference between the treated and control samples. Total
protein and lipid contents were 0.01 mg/dl and 3.26 mg/dl, respectively in
treated sample of adult house fly as compared with 31.3 mg/dl and 34.33
mg/dl, respectively in the control, indicating a significant differences
between the treated and control samples, which decreased significantly
during the photosensitization process.
2.2. Qualitative analysis of protein
2.2.1. Native protein
The native proteins patterns of adult house fly were separated into
17 different bands according to their molecular weight. The total number
of bands of control samples were 12 bands with percentage amount
ranged between (0.8-11.9) and molecular weight ranged between (7.36-257.92) kDa, while in treated samples with rose bengal were 7 bands with
percentage amount ranged between (3.83-10.98) and molecular weight
(23.13-278.58) kDa. According to this study, native protein pattern
suggested that, there were 6 common bands with molecular weight
ranged between 23.359 and 257.92 kDa, these might be characteristics for
M. domestica samples as they were presented in either treated and control
samples. Changes of protein bands due to treatment of adult house fly
with rose bengal, induced disappearance of normal five bands with
molecular weights ranged between 7.3699 and 80.451 kDa were noticed.
2.2.2. Fractionation protein
The SDS protein patterns of adult house fly were separated into 21
different bands according to their molecular weight values. The total number of bands of control samples was 18 with percentage amount
ranged between (1.98-3.48) and molecular weight ranged between
(16.77-177.6) kDa, while in treated samples with rose bengal were 17
bands with percentage amount values ranged between (1-6.4) and
molecular weight ranged between (19.3-161.48) kDa. According to this
study, SDS protein pattern suggested that, there were 15 common bands
with molecular weight ranged between 20.13 and177.06 kDa, these might
be characteristics for M. domestica samples as they were presented in
either treated and control samples. Changes of protein bands were
noticed, where treatments with rose bengal leads to disappearance of
three normal bands with molecular weights ranged between 136.8 and
16.77 kDa and appearance of two abnormal bands with molecular
weights 42.03 and 22.84 kDa.
3- Ultrastructure studies
Ultrastructural changes in epithelial cells of the midgut of treated
adult house fly with LC
50
of rose bengal revealed lyses of epithelial cells
and change in nuclear shape with clumping of chromatin material. The
cytoplasm involved cellular vaculation. Microvilli of epithelial cells were
rudimented at cell bases. Mitochondria were degraded and lysosomes
were ruptured. Detachment of peritrophic membrane from the epithelial
cells and become malformed. Rose bengal induced disappearance of
intercellular junction that separate the cell from each other. The
endoplasmic reticulum was broken down into separate narrow vascular
structures.