الفهرس 
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Abstract
Vital pulpotomy procedure has always been the topic of debate. Different medicaments have been suggested in the dental literature to be used in vital pulpotomies.
The aim of the current study was to evaluate clinical, radiographic and histopathologic effects of both sodium hypochlorite and propolis pulpotomies in primary molars.
The present study was divided into 2 parts the first is a randomized controlled trial using split mouth variant to evaluate the effect of sodium hypochlorite and propolis pulpotomies clinically and radiographically and the second part was a histologic study to evaluate the effects of these materials histopathologically.
A total of 70 healthy children participated in the study,
Participants were examined clinically and radiographically.
Sixty of them participated in the first part of the study, with the following inclusion criteria:
1. Aged from 4 to 7
2. Cooperative children
3. Having at least 2 mandibular primary molars with nearly equal carious involvement requiring pulpotomy one in each side.
The 60 participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups according to the medicament used for pulpotomy as follows:
group I (NaOCL Group) where 30 patients had 5% sodium hypochlorite pulpotomy on one side(subgroup I a), and formcresol pulpotomy as a control on the contralateral side(subgroup I b)
group II (Propolis group) 30 patients were treated with propolis on one side(subgroup II a); with formcresol control on the contralateral side(subgroup II b).
All 60 participants were recalled for clinical and radiographic follow up examination after 6 and 12months. According to the following clinical and radiographic critearia.
Clinical evaluation criteria:
Teeth showing the following criteria were scored as clinical success:
1) Restoration is intact
2) No symptoms of pain.
3) No swelling of pulpal origin.
4) No fistula.
5) No tenderness to percussion.
6) No pathological mobility.
Radiographic evaluation criteria:
Teeth showing the following criteria were scored as
radiographic success :
6) No pathological internal resorption
7) No pathological external resorption.
8) No widening of the periodontal ligament space
9) No interradicular radiolucency.
10) No periapical radiolucency.
The second part of the study included 10 participants aged from 8-10 years old with decedious molars indicated for orthodontic extraction , these participants were randomly allocated according to the type of medicament used into 2 groups:
group A (NaOCl): 5teeth in 5 patients treated with sodium hypochlorite
group B (Propolis): 5teeth in 5 patients treated with Propolis
All 10 teeth were extracted after 2 months, and prepared for histolopathologic evaluation under light microscopyfor the following findings
(4) Inflammatory pulpal response.
(5) Tissue disorganization.
(6) Presence of pulp necrosis.
(4)Reactionary dentine formation.
Results showed that there was no significant difference between NaOCl and control subgroups at 6 and 12 Months follow up , where NaOCl showed 100% overall clinical success.
As for propolis there was a statistically significant difference between propolis and control subgroups at 6 months follow up where propolis showed lower percentage of clinical success rate 60% , but at 12 months follow up there was no new clinical failures so there was no statistically significant difference between propolis and their controls where it showed 100% clinical success.
Radiographically, There was no significant difference between NaOCl and control groups at 6 and 12 months follow up where it showed 100% and 85.7% radiographic success rate at 6 and 12 months respectively .
But propolis showed a statistically significant difference when compared to their control at 6 and 12 months follow up as it showed radiographic success of 40% at 6 months and 79% at 12 months .
Histologically, primary molars treated with sodium hypochlorite showed dentine bridge formation , chronic inflammatory cellular infiltration and organized odontoblastic layer. As for primary molars treated with propolis they showed pulp necrosis with absence of odontoblastic layer.